Annual water balance and seasonality of evapotranspiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest

Kumagai, Tomo’omi; Saitoh, Taku M.; Sato, Yoshinobu; Takahashi, Hiroshi G.; Manfroi, Odair J.; Morooka, Toshiyuki; Kuraji, Koichiro; Suzuki, Masatoshi; Yasunari, Tetsuzo; Komatsu, Hirokazu

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.08.006

Cited by 177 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We found that oil palm plantations tended to exhibit higher levels of canopy interception (Fig. 2), with our estimates falling within the range of values that were previously reported for tropical forests in Southeast Asia (commonly 10-30 %; Kumagai et al, 2005;Dietz et al, 2006). These interception assessments were used to adjust the CANMX parameter of the SWAT model (Table 2).…”

Section: Crop Parametersmentioning

confidence: 54%

Minimum forest cover required for sustainable water flow regulation of a watershed: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Tarigan

Wiegand²,

Sunarti³

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In many tropical regions, the rapid expansion of monoculture plantations has led to a sharp decline in forest cover, potentially degrading the ability of watersheds to regulate water flow. Therefore, regional planners need to determine the minimum proportion of forest cover that is required to support adequate ecosystem services in these watersheds. However, to date, there has been little research on this issue, particularly in tropical areas where monoculture plantations are expanding at an alarming rate. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the influence of forest cover and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantations on the partitioning of rainfall into direct runoff and subsurface flow in a humid, tropical watershed in Jambi Province, Indonesia. To do this, we simulated streamflow with a calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and observed several watersheds to derive the direct runoff coefficient (C) and baseflow index (BFI). The model had a strong performance, with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.80-0.88 (calibration) and 0.80-0.85 (validation) and percent bias values of −2.9-1.2 (calibration) and 7.0-11.9 (validation). We found that the percentage of forest cover in a watershed was significantly negatively correlated with C and significantly positively correlated with BFI, whereas the rubber and oil palm plantation cover showed the opposite pattern. Our findings also suggested that at least 30 % of the forest cover was required in the study area for sustainable ecosystem services. This study provides new adjusted crop parameter values for monoculture plantations, particularly those that control surface runoff and baseflow processes, and it also describes the quantitative association between forest cover and flow indicators in a watershed, which will help regional planners in determining the minimum proportion of forest and the maximum proportion of plantation to ensure that a watershed can provide adequate ecosystem services.

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Section: Crop Parametersmentioning

confidence: 54%

Minimum forest cover required for sustainable water flow regulation of a watershed: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Tarigan

Wiegand²,

Sunarti³

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Environmental processes leading to changes in the water cycle Evapotranspiration rates derived from eddy covariance measurements for a 12-year-old oil palm plantation (PTPN6) under dry, sunny conditions were similar (4.7 mm day -1 ) to values reported for lowland rainforests on Borneo (4.2 mm day -1 on annual average; Kumagai et al 2005) and rainforests in Peninsular Malaysia (4.2 mm day -1 on annual average; Tani et al 2003). The transpiration estimate derived from sap flux measurements for the same oil palm plantation (2.5 mm day -1 ) was the highest among the five oil palm plantations assessed in this study, and also among 15 different oil palm plantations of varying age in the greater study region .…”

Section: Environmental Perceptions Of Changes In the Local Water Cyclementioning

confidence: 63%

Water scarcity and oil palm expansion: social views and environmental processes

Merten¹,

Röll²,

Guillaume³

et al. 2016

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Conversions of natural ecosystems, e.g., from rain forests to managed plantations, result in significant changes in the hydrological cycle including periodic water scarcity. In Indonesia, large areas of forest were lost and extensive oil palm plantations were established over the last decades. We conducted a combined social and environmental study in a region of recent land-use change, the Jambi Province on Sumatra. The objective was to derive complementary lines of arguments to provide balanced insights into environmental perceptions and eco-hydrological processes accompanying land-use change. Interviews with villagers highlighted concerns regarding decreasing water levels in wells during dry periods and increasing fluctuations in stream flow between rainy and dry periods. Periodic water scarcity was found to severely impact livelihoods, which increased social polarization. Sap flux measurements on forest trees and oil palms indicate that oil palm plantations use as much water as forests for transpiration. Eddy covariance analyses of evapotranspiration over oil palm point to substantial additional sources of evaporation in oil palm plantations such as the soil and epiphytes. Stream base flow from a catchment dominated by oil palms was lower than from a catchment dominated by rubber plantations; both showed high peaks after rainfall. An estimate of erosion indicated approximately 30 cm of topsoil loss after forest conversion to both oil palm and rubber plantations. Analyses of climatic variables over the last 20 years and of a standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index for the last century suggested that droughts are recurrent in the area, but have not increased in frequency or intensity. Consequently, we assume that conversions of rain forest ecosystems to oil palm plantations lead to a redistribution of precipitated water by runoff, which leads to the reported periodic water scarcity. Our combined social and environmental approach points to significant and thus far neglected eco-hydrological consequences of oil palm expansion.

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“…It covers 52 ha and measures 1.04 × 0.5 km, corrected for slope, and is pegged out as 1300 20-m permanent quadrats (Yamakura et al 1995). The mean annual rainfall is 2500-2800 mm, which is distributed more or less aseasonally, but is heavier in November-March (Kumagai et al 2005). Shales and quartzitic-feldspathic sandstones of the Miocene-Pliocene Lambir Formation underlie the plot.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial associations of humus, nutrients and soils in mixed dipterocarp forest at Lambir, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

et al. 2006

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Discrete humus layers are common on podzols under temperate coniferous and tropical heath forests, and patchy layers also occur under some temperate broadleaved forests on non-podzolic soils. We used multiple data sets to test the reported association of humus with oligotrophic but non-podzolic soils under non-heath dipterocarp forest at Lambir, Sarawak. We examined the distribution, morphology and nutrient dynamics of necromass on soils derived from sandstone and shale. Concentrations of the main mineral nutrients were lower in fresh litter on the very oligotrophic sandstone soils than on shale. The rates of litterfall were similar, so that annual litterfall fluxes of all nutrients were lower on sandstone. The lower nutrient concentrations and fluxes in the litter on sandstone resulted in slower decomposition, longer residence times and larger standing crops of forest-floor necromass, with lower concentrations of nutrients. The necromass on sandstone sequestered significantly more N, K and Mg but less Ca and Mn than on shale, with no significant difference for P. The variations in necromass nutrient dynamics were associated with morphological differences. There were mats of densely rooted humus under the litter on sandstone, whereas litter lay directly over the mineral topsoil on shale. Spatial associations with soil nutrients were weak for necromass thickness, but clear for humus. The proportions of nutrients in the litterfall and necromass reflected the stoichiometric profiles of the soils. We attribute the differences in necromass nutrient dynamics and their association with soil reserve nutrients to lower rates of nutrient replenishment from the weathering of sandstone than from shale. Necromass characteristics are robust field indicators of multivariate edaphic differences in these and other tropical forests on Acrisols/Ultisols derived from Tertiary clastic sediments.

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Annual water balance and seasonality of evapotranspiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest

Cited by 177 publications

References 37 publications

Minimum forest cover required for sustainable water flow regulation of a watershed: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Minimum forest cover required for sustainable water flow regulation of a watershed: a case study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Water scarcity and oil palm expansion: social views and environmental processes

Spatial associations of humus, nutrients and soils in mixed dipterocarp forest at Lambir, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

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