Annual Research Review: Developmental computational psychiatry

Hauser, Tobias U.; Will, Geert‐Jan; Dubois, Magda; Dolan, Raymond J.

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12964

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Lack of strong age dependency of performance has been observed in other reinforcement learning tasks (e.g. [37] in adolescents vs. adults), but both performance and cognitive parameter age dependencies very much depend on the specific details of the task at hand [39,40]. Practice effects may have affected the improvement in the extent to which people were described by our models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Change, stability, and instability in the Pavlovian guidance of behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood

et al. 2018

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Pavlovian influences are important in guiding decision-making across health and psychopathology. There is an increasing interest in using concise computational tasks to parametrise such influences in large populations, and especially to track their evolution during development and changes in mental health. However, the developmental course of Pavlovian influences is uncertain, a problem compounded by the unclear psychometric properties of the relevant measurements. We assessed Pavlovian influences in a longitudinal sample using a well characterised and widely used Go-NoGo task. We hypothesized that the strength of Pavlovian influences and other ‘psychomarkers’ guiding decision-making would behave like traits. As reliance on Pavlovian influence is not as profitable as precise instrumental decision-making in this Go-NoGo task, we expected this influence to decrease with higher IQ and age. Additionally, we hypothesized it would correlate with expressions of psychopathology. We found that Pavlovian effects had weak temporal stability, while model-fit was more stable. In terms of external validity, Pavlovian effects decreased with increasing IQ and experience within the task, in line with normative expectations. However, Pavlovian effects were poorly correlated with age or psychopathology. Thus, although this computational construct did correlate with important aspects of development, it does not meet conventional requirements for tracking individual development. We suggest measures that might improve psychometric properties of task-derived Pavlovian measures for future studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Change, stability, and instability in the Pavlovian guidance of behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood

et al. 2018

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“…One goal of computational neuroscience is to assess cognitive processes at a single subject level. For example, predicting/explaining clinical symptoms based on computational/neurological cognitive estimates to eventually inform clinical decisions [54,55]. This requires provision of stable and reliable estimates and our study highlights ways this can be advanced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the reliability of model-based decision-making estimates in the two-stage decision task with reaction-times and drift-diffusion modeling

et al. 2019

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A well-established notion in cognitive neuroscience proposes that multiple brain systems contribute to choice behaviour. These include: (1) a model-free system that uses values cached from the outcome history of alternative actions, and (2) a model-based system that considers action outcomes and the transition structure of the environment. The widespread use of this distinction, across a range of applications, renders it important to index their distinct influences with high reliability. Here we consider the two-stage task, widely considered as a gold standard measure for the contribution of model-based and model-free systems to human choice. We tested the internal/temporal stability of measures from this task, including those estimated via an established computational model, as well as an extended model using drift-diffusion. Drift-diffusion modeling suggested that both choice in the first stage, and RTs in the second stage, are directly affected by a model-based/free trade-off parameter. Both parameter recovery and the stability of model-based estimates were poor but improved substantially when both choice and RT were used (compared to choice only), and when more trials (than conventionally used in research practice) were included in our analysis. The findings have implications for interpretation of past and future studies based on the use of the two-stage task, as well as for characterising the contribution of model-based processes to choice behaviour.

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“…In a separate study, we used an abbreviated version of the current task and revealed developmental changes in belief updates during adolescence 37 . This can provide a particularly relevant benchmark as the onset of many psychiatric disorders takes place during adolescence 38 . More generally speaking, our study opens the door to broader applications of the tools and models from information sampling to understand social decision-making.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The social cost of gathering information for trust decisions

Sanfey

2020

Sci Rep

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Trust decisions are inherently uncertain, as people usually have incomplete information about the trustworthiness of the other person prior to their decision to trust or not trust. Therefore, it is typically beneficial to gather information about a trustee’s past behaviour before deciding whether or not to trust them. However, elaborate inquiries about a trustee’s behaviour may change the trustee’s willingness to reciprocate, causing either a decrease due to the trustee’s negative impressions of the investor or an increase because the investor appears to be highly betrayal-averse to the trustee. In turn, such a change could cause the investor to gather less or more information, respectively. Here, we examine how information acquisition is modulated by social context, monetary cost, and the trustee’s trustworthiness. We gave participants the opportunity to sequentially sample information about a trustee’s reciprocation history before they decided whether or not to invest. Participants sampled less when there was a monetary cost and when the gathered information was more conclusive. On some trials, we induced a social context by telling the participant that the trustee would learn how much the participant sampled (“overt sampling”). Crucially, when sampling was free, participants sampled less when sampling was overt than when it was covert, suggesting that they avoided leaving negative impressions. We find that the data were well accounted for by a Bayesian heuristic model, in which the agent continues sampling until uncertainty about trustworthiness—as measured by the width of the posterior belief—drops below a level that they find tolerable. This study opens the door to broader applications of the tools and models of information sampling to social decision-making.

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Annual Research Review: Developmental computational psychiatry

Cited by 37 publications

References 116 publications

Change, stability, and instability in the Pavlovian guidance of behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood

Change, stability, and instability in the Pavlovian guidance of behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood

Improving the reliability of model-based decision-making estimates in the two-stage decision task with reaction-times and drift-diffusion modeling

The social cost of gathering information for trust decisions

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