Annual Parasite Incidence Malaria di Kabupaten Banyumas

Abstract

AbstrakKabupaten Banyumas merupakan kabupaten endemis malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Banyumas tahun 2008 -2013 menunjukkan angka annual paracite incidence (API) yang selalu mengalami fluktuasi. Dari 27 kecamatan, 22 di antaranya termasuk dalam kategori medium case incidence (MCI) dan low case incidence (LCI). Faktor lingkungan, perilaku, sosial ekonomi, dan iklim berdampak pada tinggi rendahnya kejadian malaria. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui faktor yang berhubungan dengan API di Kabupaten Banyumas. Data dikumpulkan dari Januari 2011 -Desember 2013 menggunakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang dan menggunakan data sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan, Dinas Pertanian, dan Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Banyumas. Populasi adalah seluruh kecamatan di Kabupaten Banyumas dan sampel diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling, sebanyak 27 kecamatan dengan pengamatan selama 3 tahun menjadi 81 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 44,4% pengamatan termasuk kategori LCI dan MCI, 48,1% termasuk kategori curah hujan tinggi, 49,4% termasuk kategori wilayah yang luas, 49,4% termasuk kategori jumlah pendatang tinggi, 48,1% termasuk kategori kepadatan penduduk sedang. Sementara itu, dari 27 kecamatan, yang termasuk ketinggian rendah adalah 63,0%. Faktor yang terbukti berhubungan dengan API adalah luas wilayah, jumlah pendatang, kepadatan penduduk, sedangkan yang tidak berhubungan adalah curah hujan dan ketinggian. Kata kunci: Annual parasite insidence, jumlah pendatang, kepadatan penduduk, luas wilayah,malaria AbstractBanyumas is malaria endemic district in Central Java. Banyumas Health Office data of 2008 -2013 showed that, the Annual Parasite Incidence (API) always fluctuated. From 27 subdistricts in Banyumas, there are 22 subdistricts which fall into the category of middle case incidence (MCI) and low case incidence (LCI). Malaria is a disease that closely associated with the enviroment, behaviour, social economy, and climate. The purpose of this study was to determine factors associated with API in Banyumas. Data were collected from Januari 2011 -Desember 2011 using an analytic crosssectional design using secondary data from Banyumas Health Office, Agriculture Office and Statistic Center. The population in this study were all subdistricts in Banyumas and samples were taken using total sampling technique. The sample of this study was 27 districts. The results showed that from 81 samples we obtained 44.4% of observations included in LCI and MCI category, 48.1% with high rainfall, 49.4% with large areas, 49.4% with high number of entrants, 48.1% with medium population density. Meanwhile, from 27 districts, 63.0% included in low altitude category. Factors associated with API in Banyumas were the extensive areas, the number of entrants, and population density. The factors that are not associated to the API were the rainfall and altitude regions.

Analysis of Malaria Incidence in Banyumas Using Spacial-Temporal Approach

“…In addition, Tambak area more frequently detected spatial cluster areas, the incidence of malaria was higher than in other districts in the epidemic area A. These results are consistent with research Rejeki, 2014 stating the subdistrict Kemranjen, Sumpiuh, Tambak, Somogede and Kebasen are subdistrict which always accounts for cases of malaria each year over the last five years (Rejeki, 2014). The community health centers that have the highest malaria cases between period 2010-2014 was Kemranjen I community health center (91 cases), Sumpiuh I community health center (491 cases), Sumpiuh II community health center (209 cases), and Tambak I community health center (272 cases) (Rejeki, 2016) Observations in the region Somagede can be attributed to the fact that Somagede Figure 4.…”

“…There are still 44.4% of districts including the Moderate category Case Incidence (MCI) and the Low Case Incidence (LCI). Distribution of malaria cases in Banyumas in 2011-2013 showed cases of malaria are far away from the center of government (Purwokerto), where malaria area is an area that is still widely found forest, or yard around settlement (Rejeki, 2014).…”

Malaria Community Health Workers in Eliminating Malaria in Banyumas Regency

“…The spread of malaria cases in Banyumas occur in rural districts which are still classified and far away from the center of government (Purwokerto). Therefore, there are still many forests, yards, and fields around people's settlements (Rejeki, 2014).…”

Climate and Malaria in Indonesia

“…A rainy season interrupted with hot weather can increase number of Anopheles (27). A study in Banyumasshowed that rainfall did not relate to API (Annual Parasite Incidence) of malaria (28). The relationship between global warming and the increase of malaria incidence in around the world is still debatable.…”