2001
DOI: 10.1038/35083554
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Annual monsoon rains recorded by Jurassic dunes

Abstract: Pangaea, the largest landmass in the Earth's history, was nearly bisected by the Equator during the late Palaeozoic and early Mesozoic eras. Modelling experiments and stratigraphic studies have suggested that the supercontinent generated a monsoonal atmospheric circulation that led to extreme seasonality, but direct evidence for annual rainfall periodicity has been lacking. In the Mesozoic era, about 190 million years ago, thick deposits of wind-blown sand accumulated in dunes of a vast, low-latitude desert at… Show more

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Cited by 116 publications
(96 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, every model configuration yielded the necessary countervailing southeasterly winds during SH winter, which are consistent with the key characteristics of the southernmost paleodunes. In addition, every simulation exhibits seasonally dry periods for the region of the Colorado Plateau, which is consistent with the rock record (12). Finally, although the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 for the Early Jurassic is uncertain, the model results obtained to date show that the winds are insensitive to a range of CO 2 values from the presentday concentration (355 parts per million) to eight times that amount.…”
supporting
confidence: 61%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Furthermore, every model configuration yielded the necessary countervailing southeasterly winds during SH winter, which are consistent with the key characteristics of the southernmost paleodunes. In addition, every simulation exhibits seasonally dry periods for the region of the Colorado Plateau, which is consistent with the rock record (12). Finally, although the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 for the Early Jurassic is uncertain, the model results obtained to date show that the winds are insensitive to a range of CO 2 values from the presentday concentration (355 parts per million) to eight times that amount.…”
supporting
confidence: 61%
“…During the entire interval, the dominant winds in the north came from the northeast, curving to become northwesterly over the southern portion of the outcrops. Jurassic dunes in the south were seasonally drenched with rain, whereas weaker southeasterly winds reversed the dry-season slip faces (12).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the southwestern United States, wind-deposited sands accumulated to a thickness of 2500 m during the 160 million years that Pangaea straddled the Equator. These strata are the thickest and most widespread eolian dune deposits known from the entire global sedimentary record (Loope et al, 2001), and are accompanied by loess accumulation in semi-arid regions (Soreghan et al, 2008). The Pangaea mega-monsoon is likely to have experienced significant variations in its intensity due to orbital forcing, as manifested in the orbital cycles in the Triassic playas and lakes.…”
Section: Super-continent and Mega-monsoonmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In comparison to typical Navajo strata, the Navajo at our Coyote Buttes and Buckskin Gulch study areas (Fig. 1) contains thicker and more numerous grain-flow (avalanche) cross-strata (Loope et al, 2001). The rocks at these sites are also coarser and more friable than at other Navajo outcrops.…”
Section: Previous Studies Stratified and Structureless Navajo Sandstonementioning
confidence: 98%