Annual direct medical cost and contributing factors to total cost of epilepsy in Oman

Al‐Zakwani, Ibrahim; Hanssens, Yolande; Deleu, Dirk; Cohen, Abigail; McGhan, William F.; Balushi, Khalid A. Al; Al‐Hashar, Amna

doi:10.1016/s1059-1311(03)00068-2

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The hospitalization figure of 12% found in this study is in keeping with prior studies using administrative (Anonymous, 1995; Morgan & Kerr, 2004) and observational data (Thomas et al, 2001; Al‐Zakwani et al, 2003, Nsengiyumva et al, 2004.) but lower than in the Ontario Health Survey (Wiebe et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Cost of epilepsy studies estimating the direct, and rarely the indirect cost of epilepsy, have been carried out in the United States. (Begley et al, 1994; Murray et al, 1996; Griffiths et al, 1999; Begley et al, 2000; Frost et al, 2000; Begley et al, 2002; Penberthy et al, 2005), UK (Cockerell et al, 1994; Jacoby et al, 1998; Kotsopoulos et al, 2003; Morgan & Kerr, 2004), France (De Zelicourt et al, 2000), Italy (Berto et al, 2000; Tetto et al, 2002; Beghi et al, 2004), Switzerland (Gessner & Horisberger, 1993), Sweden (Silfvenius, 1988; Persson et al, 2003), Australia (Banks et al, 1995), China (Mak et al, 1999), Africa (Nsengiyumva et al, 2004), India (Thomas et al, 2001; Krishnan et al, 2004), and in Oman (Al‐Zakwani et al, 2003). A recent study comparing the cost of epilepsy across eight European countries found that the prices of medical services varied as much as 24 times, whereas the price of antiepileptic drugs varied up to 4.4 times among the countries (Heaney et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Health resource use in epilepsy: Significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status

Jetté¹,

Quan

Faris

et al. 2007

Epilepsia

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SUMMARYPurpose: Epilepsy imposes a significant burden on society. The objective of this study was to estimate health resource utilization (HRU) over a 1-year period in epilepsy patients, using administrative databases. Methods: Three administrative databases (inpatient, emergency, and physician claims) were used to identify epilepsy cases. HRU variables included general physician (GP) and emergency (ER) visits, physician billings, hospitalizations, and length of stay (LOS). Logistic regression was used to determine the association between demographic variables and HRU variations. Results: Among the 1,431 patients with a mean age of 37.5 ± 17.3 years, 56 (4%) were aboriginal. Ninety-six percent of patients saw a GP or a specialist (outpatient visit), 12% were hospitalized, and 8% visited the ER. Younger patients were more likely to see a neurologist (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3), visit the ER (OR = 4.9, 95% CI 3.2-7.4), or be hospitalized (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.0-4.3). Females were less likely to see a GP but more likely to see a neurologist. Aboriginals were more likely than nonaboriginals to visit the ER (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-5.0) or be hospitalized (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.5-5.1) but less likely to see a neurologist (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6). Welfare status and residence location (urban vs. rural) were not associated with HRU level. Discussion: We demonstrated the feasibility of using administrative databases to assess HRU in epilepsy. We also uncovered disparities in HRU by age, gender, and by aboriginal status, suggesting possible internal or external barriers to specialized care in some groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health resource use in epilepsy: Significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status

Jetté¹,

Quan

Faris

et al. 2007

Epilepsia

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“…After this culling process, 93 studies finally met the inclusion criteria for the study. There were 40 studies for T 2 DM [ 17 – 56 ], 34 studies for EP,[ 57 – 90 ] and 19 studies for SC [ 91 – 109 ]. The detailed culling process was shown in Fig 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the Direct Medical Cost of Chronic Disease Be Transferred across Different Countries? Using Cost-of-Illness Studies on Type 2 Diabetes, Epilepsy and Schizophrenia as Examples

Gao

Zhao

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesTo systematically review cost of illness studies for schizophrenia (SC), epilepsy (EP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and explore the transferability of direct medical cost across countries.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was performed to yield studies that estimated direct medical costs. A generalized linear model (GLM) with gamma distribution and log link was utilized to explore the variation in costs that accounted by the included factors. Both parametric (Random-effects model) and non-parametric (Boot-strapping) meta-analyses were performed to pool the converted raw cost data (expressed as percentage of GDP/capita of the country where the study was conducted).ResultsIn total, 93 articles were included (40 studies were for T2DM, 34 studies for EP and 19 studies for SC). Significant variances were detected inter- and intra-disease classes for the direct medical costs. Multivariate analysis identified that GDP/capita (p<0.05) was a significant factor contributing to the large variance in the cost results. Bootstrapping meta-analysis generated more conservative estimations with slightly wider 95% confidence intervals (CI) than the parametric meta-analysis, yielding a mean (95%CI) of 16.43% (11.32, 21.54) for T2DM, 36.17% (22.34, 50.00) for SC and 10.49% (7.86, 13.41) for EP.ConclusionsConverting the raw cost data into percentage of GDP/capita of individual country was demonstrated to be a feasible approach to transfer the direct medical cost across countries. The approach from our study to obtain an estimated direct cost value along with the size of specific disease population from each jurisdiction could be used for a quick check on the economic burden of particular disease for countries without such data.

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“…Other studies also revealed that the costs of epilepsy were significantly higher for younger children. 13,18 Younger children with epilepsy were at a relatively higher risk of adverse reactions as a result of a special developmental period. More frequent tests might be needed consequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment-Related Costs of Childhood Epilepsy in Mainland China: A Preliminary Study in a Tertiary Pediatric Epilepsy Center

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to investigate the treatment-related annual cost of childhood epilepsy and its related factors in mainland China. A total of 244 cases were collected at the outpatient clinics of Peking University First Hospital Pediatrics from April 2010 to August 2013. The median annual epilepsy treatment-related costs per patient were estimated to be RMB7822 (US$1160), accounting for 43.72% (median) of urban residents' disposable income in China. Those who lived far away or with uncontrolled seizures yielded much higher costs. This study concluded that the treatment of children with epilepsy produces a heavy burden on both families and society in mainland China. The constitution ratio of antiepileptic drugs and travel expenses are much higher than those of other countries. Adjusting medical insurance coverage, balancing medical resource distribution, and taking good control of seizures might be effective in reducing the economic burden of childhood epilepsy in China.

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Annual direct medical cost and contributing factors to total cost of epilepsy in Oman

Cited by 18 publications

References 11 publications

Health resource use in epilepsy: Significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status

Health resource use in epilepsy: Significant disparities by age, gender, and aboriginal status

Can the Direct Medical Cost of Chronic Disease Be Transferred across Different Countries? Using Cost-of-Illness Studies on Type 2 Diabetes, Epilepsy and Schizophrenia as Examples

Treatment-Related Costs of Childhood Epilepsy in Mainland China: A Preliminary Study in a Tertiary Pediatric Epilepsy Center

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