Annealing-free solution-processed tungsten oxide for inverted organic solar cells

Guillain, Frédéric; Tsikritzis, Dimitris; Skoulatakis, Georgios; Κέννου, Στέλλα; Wantz, Guillaume; Vignau, Laurence

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2013.12.011

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…[59][60][61][62] Finally, the top Ag electrode was formed via a thermal evaporation process in a vacuum chamber (under 1 × 10 −7 torr) or screen printing with Ag paste which was dried in a UV-curing system (≈1600 mJ cm −2 ) for 5 min. The cleaned ITO glasses were treated with UV-ozone (UVO) in a UVO cleaner (Ahtech LTS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[59][60][61][62] For the bilayer HTLs, the WO 3 layer was formed via a slot-die coating process (typical coating speed of 0.5 m min −1 , feed rate of 0.3 m min −1 ). All processes of fabricating flexible OSC modules were conducted in ambient atmosphere.…”

Section: Fabrication Of All-solution Processed Flexible Osc Modules (mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[59][60][61][62] Through this approach, the internal potential and interfacial contact was improved and the unit cells achieved a PCE of 10.3% with excellent photostability under UV-exposure. [59][60][61][62] Through this approach, the internal potential and interfacial contact was improved and the unit cells achieved a PCE of 10.3% with excellent photostability under UV-exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Han

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

100

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fabricated for application over a large area, and applicability in flexible electronics. [1][2][3][4][5][6] It is possible to design high-performance devices by designing photoactive materials that constitute a bulk heterojunction (BHJ), [7][8][9] device engineering, [10][11][12][13] and a combination of these. [14,15] Therefore, this has attention as an area in which commercialization can occur through the application of flexible, wearable, and portable devices, and building-integrated photovoltaics. [4,[16][17][18][19][20] Recently, different methods such as spin coating, [21][22][23] slotdie coating, [24][25][26] and blade coating, [27,28] are being attempted to develop large-area modules with laboratory-to-industrial applications. Among them, slot-die coating can easily control each layer and the related processing factors, such as discharge rate and speed, thus enabling control of thickness and conformation. Therefore, it is the most appropriate coating method to use to produce devices and modules with large areas. [16,29] Krebs and co-workers fabricated flexible OSC modules using a roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing process called "ProcessOne." Their flexible OSC modules with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2-3% demonstrated an energy payback time (EPBT) of 2.02-1.35 years. [30,31] Using Proces-sOne, the BHJ layer and buffer layer were formed using slot-die coating and the Ag back electrode was formed via screen printing; this resulted in the design of OSC modules with inverted structures, which enabled cost-effective production. [32,33] Several particular challenges need to be considered in the manufacturing of this type of OSC modules using an R2R process; these included thermally treating the film [34,35] and ensuring the thermal stability of the substrate [36] the uniformity of the film morphology, [22][23][24] and the evaporation process of the buffer layer and the electrode. [3,25,26,37] The large-area flexible OSC modules have been reported their efficiencies with various materials and coating methods. In flexible unit-cells with small-area, Peng and co-workers recently reported high PCE of 14.06% introducing ternary heterojunction strategy in active area of 0.04 cm 2 . [38] The flexible OSC module based thermally evaporated top electrode reported relatively higher performances. Zhou and co-workers reported tandem structure with PCE of 6.5% in active area of 10.5 cm 2 , also, Ma and co-workers reported ternary structure with PCE of To ensure laboratory-to-industry transfer of next-generation energy harvesting organic solar cells (OSCs), it is necessary to develop flexible OSC modules that can be produced on a continuous roll-to-roll basis and to apply an allsolution process. In this study, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs)-based donor polymer, SMD2, is newly designed and synthesized to continuously fabricate high-performance flexible OSC modules. Also, multifunctional hole transport layers (HTLs), WO 3 /HTL solar bilayer HTLs, are developed and applied via an all-solution process called "ProcessOne...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of All-solution Processed Flexible Osc Modules (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Han

Jeon

Lee

et al. 2019

Advanced Energy Materials

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These materials are commonly deposited by the evaporation process such as thermal evaporation and sputtering. Recently, solution processable and air stable nanoparticle based transition metal oxides have been studied extensively . There are many ways to create transition metal oxide film via solution process, which are divided into nanoparticle approaches, hydrolysis and sol‐gel methods .…”

Section: Solution‐processed Materials and Printing/coating Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Photovoltaic Cells: From Performance Improvement to Manufacturing Processes

Youn

Park

Guo

2015

Small

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Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have been pursued as a next generation power source due to their light weight, thin, flexible, and simple fabrication advantages. Improvements in OPV efficiency have attracted great attention in the past decade. Because the functional layers in OPVs can be dissolved in common solvents, they can be manufactured by eco-friendly and scalable printing or coating technologies. In this review article, the focus is on recent efforts to control nanomorphologies of photoactive layer and discussion of various solution-processed charge transport and extraction materials, to maximize the performance of OPV cells. Next, recent works on printing and coating technologies for OPVs to realize solution processing are reviewed. The review concludes with a discussion of recent advances in the development of non-traditional lamination and transfer method towards highly efficient and fully solution-processed OPV.

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“…Potential alternatives for aforementioned purpose are transition metal oxides, such as V 2 O 5 [23][24][25], WO 3 [26][27][28], NiO [12,29], and MoO 3 [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37], which have necessary semiconductor property and well physiochemical stability. Among this transition metal oxides, MoO 3 is one of the promising candidates due to its nontoxicity, deep electronic state and relative lower vaporization temperature (o800°C) which can easily deposited in vacuum [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A wide temperature tolerance, solution-processed MoOx interface layer for efficient and stable organic solar cells

Cai

Zhang

et al. 2017

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Annealing-free solution-processed tungsten oxide for inverted organic solar cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 26 publications

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Evaporation‐Free Nonfullerene Flexible Organic Solar Cell Modules Manufactured by An All‐Solution Process

Organic Photovoltaic Cells: From Performance Improvement to Manufacturing Processes

A wide temperature tolerance, solution-processed MoOx interface layer for efficient and stable organic solar cells

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