Annatto pigment production in root cultures of Achiote (Bixa orellana L.)

Abstract

Bixa orellana L. is a tree native to South America known for its reddish orange pigment 'annatto' produced only on the aril portion of its seeds. It is the most preferred natural food colorant next to saffron, having wide applications in the dairy industry and also as a cosmeceutical. Normal root cultures of B. orellana were established under in vitro conditions on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at 0.05-0.2 mg l -1 . The annatto pigment from in vitroraised normal roots was extracted with chloroform, and later the ethanol-dissolved extract was analyzed both qualitatively by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometrically quantified followed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) confirmation. The maximum amount of annatto pigment (346 ± 3.8 mg/ 100 g dry wt.) and maximum root biomass (152 ± 2.5 mg dry wt.) were recorded after 45 and 60 days of growth, respectively, on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Producing annatto pigment from normal root cultures under in vitro conditions is a novel approach when compared to the natural annatto pigment that is produced only on the aril portion of seeds. This allows the production of fresh pigment throughout the year.

In Vitro Root Culture From Roots And Leaf Explants Of Luffa Acutangula(L.) Roxb

“…In contrary to the present study Mahendranath et al, (2011) reported that when the combination of NAA with IBA was used there was no significant improvement in root biomass compared to individual treatment of respective auxins in Bixa orellana. In another study, MS liquid medium supplemented with IBA and IAA combination led to one and half fold increase of root production from cotyledon derived calli of Withania somnifera (Sivanandhan et al, 2012).…”

“…It was noted in the adventitious root culture of Decalepis arayalpathra (Sudha and Seeni, 2001) and in the adventitious root culture of Aloe vera (Lee et al, 2011) callusing of roots in the presence of NAA and less number of lateral roots decreased the biomass, but IBA combination resulted in increased biomass accumulation. Prolonged cultures of explants in NAA and IBA with higher level of concentrations did not result in root production as observed in Bixa orellana (Mahendranath et al, 2011) and in Periploca sepium (Zhang et al, 2011) from in vitro leaf derived roots.…”

“…Similarly Mahendranath et al,(2011) reported that in in vitro root explants of Bixa orellana IBA produced the maximum biomass compared to NAA and IAA. Individually IBA was superior over NAA or IAA in the induction of adventitious roots as reported earlier for Psoralea corylifolia (Baskaran and Jayabalan, 2009).…”

Inhibitory effect of apocarotenoids on the activity of tyrosinase: Multi-spectroscopic and docking studies

“…Further, the purity of the obtained bixin was confirmed through ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of bixin was carried out as per the protocol of Mahendranath et al (28). Similarly, the isolation and characterization of norbixin were performed as already described in our previous report (29).…”

Agroclimatic zoning for urucum crops in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…Aparecido et al (Equations 2 to 7), with an available water-storage capacity (WS) of 100 mm. This WS was used due the root system of the urucum attain up to 100 cm (Barbieri et al 2011;Mahendranath et al 2011). …”