Ankaflavin: a natural novel PPARγ agonist upregulates Nrf2 to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced diabetes in vivo

Role of PPARα in down-regulating AGE-induced TGF-β and MMP-9 expressions in chondrocytes

“…Previous studies have discovered a close association between peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR) and the pathogenic mechanism of osteoarthritis (Lee et al, 2012;Rahigude et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2015). Thiazolidinediones such as pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone are the major synthetic ligands of PPARα that have found clinical application (Mahali et al, 2014).…”

The Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson’s Disease by Monascus purpureus NTU 568-Fermented Compounds

“…MS could increase PPAR-gamma activity to reduce the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HSCs and production of ROS; thus, delaying or inhibiting the development of fibrosis through activation of PPAR-gamma [40]. Past research has also shown the regulation on the expression of anti-oxidation enzyme Nrf-2 by AK, which upregulates the signal transduction pathway of Nrf-2 in a methylglyoxal-induced diabetes rat model to enhance the activity of anti-oxidation enzymes, and promotes the activity of PPAR-α, improving insulin sensitivity [41].…”

Monaschin and Ankaflavin- In Diabetic Nephropathy?

“…Monascusfermented products possess a number of functional secondary metabolites, counting the anti-inflammatory pigments monascin and ankaflavin. [1] CHEMICAL NATURE [2] Six azaphilones, monascin (1), ankaflavin (2), rubropunctatin (3), monascorburin (4), rubropunctamine (5), and monascorburamine (6), two furanoisophthalides, xanthomonasin A (7) and xanthomonasin B (8), and two amino acids, (+)-monascumic acid (9) and (-)-monascumic acid (10), isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (redmold rice). [2] INHIBITORY ACTION OF COMPOUNDS [2] Among the compounds confirmed, seven compounds (1-6 and 10) on TPA-induced inflammation, and six compounds (1,(3)(4)(5)9, and 10) on EBV-EA activation, exhibited potent inhibitory effects.…”

“…Reduction of Alzheimer's disease risk factor. [11] ANKAFLAVIN IN DIABETES [10] Evidence -In Animal Study ANKAFLAVIN -employed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity, thereby improving insulin sensitivity (as indicated by hepatic GLUT2 translocation, and glucose uptake) by down-regulating blood glucose and up-regulating pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and Maf-A expression and increasing insulin production. [10] Decreases production of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.…”