vehicles (HEVs), because of their high energy density and long lifetime. [1][2][3] In recent years, the ever-growing demand on electric vehicles contributes to the continuous growth of the battery market, and the energy storage devices of EVs/HEVs raise stern demands on higher energy density (>300 Wh kg −1 ) and lower cost (500 Wh kg −1 ), and the standard parameters for different electrode systems toward this high energy density goal are well summarized in the previous works. [7][8][9] In particular, the innovative battery chemistries (i.e., Li-metal battery and all-solid-state lithium battery) using Li metal as anode, exhibit much higher energy density than current lithium-ion batteries, whereas some technological issues are needed to be addressed first, such as dendrite formation suppression, industrial battery Current lithium-ion battery technology is approaching the theoretical energy density limitation, which is challenged by the increasing requirements of ever-growing energy storage market of electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices. Although great progresses are made on tailoring the electrode materials from methodology to mechanism to meet the practical demands, sluggish mass transport, and charge transfer dynamics are the main bottlenecks when increasing the areal/volumetric loading multiple times to commercial level. Thus, this review presents the state-of-the-art developments on rational design of the commercialization-driven electrodes for lithium batteries. First, the basic guidance and challenges (such as electrode mechanical instability, sluggish charge diffusion, deteriorated performance, and safety concerns) on constructing the industry-required high mass loading electrodes toward commercialization are discussed. Second, the corresponding design strategies on cathode/anode electrode materials with high mass loading are proposed to overcome these challenges without compromising energy density and cycling durability, including electrode architecture, integrated configuration, interface engineering, mechanical compression, and Li metal protection. Finally, the future trends and perspectives on commercializationdriven electrodes are offered. These design principles and potential strategies are also promising to be applied in other...
