2010
DOI: 10.1021/cm100469y
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Anisotropic Crystal Growth Kinetics of Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized in a Nonaqueous Medium

Abstract: The formation and growth of titania (anatase) nanoparticles in benzyl alcohol from TiCl4 was studied in situ at 85 °C via powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and turbidimetry. The results provide new information on the kinetics of this process and allow for better control of particle size, shape, and aggregation. Rietveld refinement of ex situ PXRD data shows that the final crystals are anisotropic in shape and elongated along the crystallographic c-axis. In situ SAXS and PXRD… Show more

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Cited by 78 publications
(76 citation statements)
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“…However, there are some obvious disadvantages in using fine TiO 2 powders, such as low quantum efficiency, low adsorption ability and small specific surface area, which significantly limit the efficiency of photocatalysis [10,11]. Moreover, both expensive and difficult separation from the reaction media and inadequacy for continuous processing limit the industry application of pure TiO 2 powders because the photocatalytic process is mostly conducted in an aqueous environment [12]. To conquer this problem, a major focus of current photocatalysis research is the achievement of titania-based materials with high photoactivity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, there are some obvious disadvantages in using fine TiO 2 powders, such as low quantum efficiency, low adsorption ability and small specific surface area, which significantly limit the efficiency of photocatalysis [10,11]. Moreover, both expensive and difficult separation from the reaction media and inadequacy for continuous processing limit the industry application of pure TiO 2 powders because the photocatalytic process is mostly conducted in an aqueous environment [12]. To conquer this problem, a major focus of current photocatalysis research is the achievement of titania-based materials with high photoactivity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We employed in situ X-ray diffraction [22][23][24][25]29,30] to follow the crystallization of apatite as in our previous work on other types of apatite formation [22,24,25]. We performed in situ synchrotron diffraction in a home built stopped flow apparatus with high temperature stability [24] by mixing equal volumes of a calcium chloride solution (0.4 M) with a sodium phosphate solution (0.24 M) loaded with varying quantities of sodium pyrophosphate (0-0.02 M).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 15b,d , 16b ] The titanium oxide nanoparticle was synthesized by a nonaqueous method dissolved in methanol. [ 22 ] A series of amino functionalized water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers were provided by Huang's group. [ 23 ] P3HT, PC 60 BM, and PBDTTT-C-T were purchased from Solarmer Energy, Inc. PC 70 BM was purchased from Nano-C, Inc.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 15b , 16b ] The TiO 2 nanoparticles was synthesized by a nonaqueous method. [ 22 ] The dipole layer is amino functionalized water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymers (WSCPs) including poly [(2,7-(9,9-bis(6- [(2,7-(9,9-bis(6-( N , N -diethylamino)-hexyl N -oxide) fl uorene))-alt-(2,6-pyridinyl)](PF6NO26Py) and poly [(2,7-(9,9-bis(6-…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%