Anionische, mikroporöse Polymernetzwerke durch Polymerisation eines schwach koordinierenden Anions

Fischer, Sabrina; Schmidt, Johannes; Strauch, Peter; Thomas, Arne

doi:10.1002/ange.201303045

Cited by 32 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, stable radicals were also spotted on TTFCMP ( g factor 2.0072 at 150 K) probably due to its amorphous, highly conjugated nature. Such stable radicals have been also observed in other CMPs 48. 65…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Due to the excessive tendency of TTF and its derivatives to form iodide/polyiodide salts, a charged analogue (TTFCMP .+ ‐I n − ) was subsequently formed by addition of iodine to the porous networks (Scheme , Figures S1 and S2). Post‐synthetic modification of microporous networks has been used to enhance the functionality and properties of porous networks, for example to introduce catalytically active sites,2, 10, 48 enhance the gas uptake or the selectivity for gas separation,49 but also to improve their optoelectronic properties 28. 30…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network

Bildirir

Paraknowitsch

Thomas

2014

Chemistry A European J

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Conjugated microporous polymer networks have been prepared from the strong electron donor tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene (TEB) by using the Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling reaction. Optimization of reaction conditions yields polymers with surface areas of up to 434 m(2) g(-1) . The strong electron-donating properties of the network can be proven by iodine exposure. Structural and electronic changes due to formation of the charge-transfer salt from TTFs in the porous network and iodine within the pores are investigated.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network

Bildirir

Paraknowitsch

Thomas

2014

Chemistry A European J

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“…[21] These bulky hydrophobic counterions belong to the class of weakly coordinating anions, characterizedb yh igh charge delocalization,l arge size, absence of basic sites, presenting mainly fluorine or hydrogen at their anions urface. [22] Primary applicationso fw eakly coordinating anionsi ncludec atalysis, [23] electrochemistry, [24] ionic liquids, [25] microporous materials, [26] lithium batteries, [27] ion-selective electrodes, [28] ion sensors, [29] solar cells [30] and organic light-emitting diodes. [31] It has been already known,t hat the nature of ac ounterion can strongly affect the properties of cationic fluorophores in solutions, [32] lipid droplets [5,33] and counterion-assembled NPs made exclusively of dyes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fighting Aggregation‐Caused Quenching and Leakage of Dyes in Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles: Universal Role of Counterion

Andreiuk

Reisch

Bernhardt

et al. 2019

Chemistry An Asian Journal

111

137

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Dye‐loaded polymer nanoparticles (NPs) emerge as a powerful tool for bioimaging applications, owing to their exceptional brightness and controlled small size. However, aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) and leakage of dyes at high loading remain important challenges of these nanomaterials. The use of bulky hydrophobic counterions has been recently proposed as an effective approach to minimize ACQ and dye leakage, but the role of counterion structure is still poorly understood. Here, a systematic study based on ten counterions, ranging from small hydrophilic perchlorate up to large hydrophobic tetraphenylborate derivatives, reveals how counterion nature can control encapsulation and emission of a cationic dye (rhodamine B octadecyl ester) in NPs prepared by nanoprecipitation of a biodegradable polymer, poly‐lactide‐co‐glycolide (PLGA). We found that increase in counterion hydrophobicity enhances dye encapsulation efficiency and prevents dye adsorption at the particle surface. Cellular imaging studies revealed that ≥95 % encapsulation efficiency, achieved with most hydrophobic counterions (fluorinated tetraphenylborates), is absolutely required because non‐encapsulated dye species at the surface of NPs are the origin of dye leakage and strong fluorescence background in cells. The size of counterions is found to be essential to prevent ACQ, where the largest species, serving as effective spacer between dyes, provide the highest fluorescence quantum yield. Moreover, we found that the most hydrophobic counterions favor dye–dye coupling inside NPs, leading to ON/OFF fluorescence switching of single particles. By contrast, less hydrophobic counterions tend to disperse dyes in the polymer matrix favoring stable emission of NPs. The obtained structure‐property relationships validate the counterion‐based approach as a mature concept to fight ACQ and dye leakage in the development of advanced polymeric nanomaterials with controlled optical properties.

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“…Forthe pore size and topology to be sufficiently resistant to chemical swelling,i ti sn ecessary that the materials constituting the bicontinuous framework be built upon chemically resistant covalent molecular networks. [8][9][10][11] We reported previously on the organic sol-gel (OSG) method, which enabled solution-based synthesis of covalent organic molecular networks. [12] Thefirst step of the OSG process was the preparation of ad ispersion (sol) of molecularly crosslinked urea network nanoparticles (UNNs) grown to af ew tens of nanometers by polymerization of at etra-functional amine and ad iisocyanate.B ecause the gelation time (t g :t he time it takes for the UNN sol to become ag el at af ixed concentration) is usually tens of hours,ordays,the sol may be combined with apolymer to derive microstructures by phase separation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bicontinuous Nanoporous Frameworks: Caged Longevity for Enzymes

et al. 2016

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The preparation of bicontinuous nanoporous covalent frameworks, which are promising for caging active enzymes, is demonstrated. The frameworks have three- dimensionally continuous, hydrophilic pores with widths varying between 5 and 30 nm. Enzymes were infiltrated into the bicontinuous pore by applying a pressured enzyme solution. The new materials and methods allowed the amount of caged proteins to be controlled precisely. The resulting enzyme-loaded framework films could be recycled many times with nearly no loss of catalytic activity. Entropic trapping of proteins by a bicontinuous pore with the right size distribution is an unprecedented strategy toward facile in vitro utilization of biocatalysts.

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Anionische, mikroporöse Polymernetzwerke durch Polymerisation eines schwach koordinierenden Anions

Cited by 32 publications

References 56 publications

A Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network

A Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)‐Conjugated Microporous Polymer Network

Fighting Aggregation‐Caused Quenching and Leakage of Dyes in Fluorescent Polymer Nanoparticles: Universal Role of Counterion

Bicontinuous Nanoporous Frameworks: Caged Longevity for Enzymes

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