Animal models for infectious diseases caused by parasites: Leishmaniasis

Oliveira, Camila I. de; Teixeira, Maria Jânia; Gomes, Régis; Barral, Aldina; Brodskyn, Cláudia

doi:10.1016/j.ddmod.2004.07.005

Cited by 25 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Despite the impact of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL), few experimental studies have been developed for L. braziliensis infections (8,9). This can be attributable mostly to the resistance of common laboratory mice strains to infection by these Leishmania species (10,11). BALB/c mice have been widely used to study Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, but long-term lesions do not develop when they are infected with L. braziliensis (8,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a susceptible model to Leishmania (Viannia) spp.; however, available studies employ different infection protocols, which account for clinical and pathological presentation differences. Herein, L. (V.) braziliensis preparations were standardized to contain 10 4 , 10 5 , or 10 6 parasites to determine an optimal inoculum that ensured cutaneous lesions without causing a disseminated infection in hamsters. Lesion development was followed for 105 days by size measurements, and skin, draining lymph node, spleen, and sera were investigated to check parasite load, spleen visceralization, cytokine expression, histopathological changes, and anti-Leishmania IgG levels. The lesion emergence time was inversely proportional to the parasite concentration in the inocula. Animals infected by 10 4 parasites presented nodular lesions, while those infected with 10 6 parasites often exhibited ulcerated lesions. The differences in the final lesion sizes were observed between 10 4 and 10 5 inocula or 10 4 and 10 6 inocula. High IFNG expression, anti-Leishmania IgG levels, and parasite load occurred independently of the inoculum used. A mild inflammatory skin involvement was observed in animals infected with 10 4 parasites, while extensive tissue damage and parasite spleen visceralization occurred with 10 5 and 10 6 parasites. These results indicate that inocula with different concentrations of parasites generate differences in the time of lesion emergence, clinical presentation, and systemic commitment, despite high and similar IFNG expression and parasite load. This suggests that a modulation in the immune response to different parasite numbers occurs in an early phase of the infection, which could dictate the establishment and magnitude of the chronic phase of the disease.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The clinical manifestations of weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly and ascites in the inoculated animals are also seen in human and canine cases of VL, in addition to other signs and symptoms that define the broad clinical spectrum of the disease and the confirmation of the parasitic infection (OLIVEIRA et al, 2004;CALDAS et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Convulsions, dilated pupils, signs of cranial nerve palsy, facial ptosis, facial paralysis and ataxia are common neurological signs seen in canine VL (FEITOSA et al, 2000;IKEDA et al, 2007;OLIVEIRA et al, 2004;LIMA et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Presence of amastigotes in the central nervous system of hamsters infected with Leishmania sp.

Oliveira

Oshiro

Pinto

et al. 2011

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe chronic disease caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Better knowledge on the effects caused by this disease can help develop adequate clinical management and treatment. Parasitological and immunohistochemical studies were performed golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus infected with bone marrow from individuals with VL in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-west Brazil. The effects of parasitism in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain of the animals were examined. Eighteen hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally, and six healthy animals were used as negative controls. The animals were kept in the animal house and checked for clinical signs. Specimens of each organ were examined for the presence of amastigotes. Immunohistochemical technique was performed in all brain specimens and organs negative on the direct examination of parasites. Direct examination of amastigotes was positive in the spleen and liver of all infected animals; 33.3% showed the parasite in the kidneys and lungs, and 16.7% in the heart. Parasitic forms were seen in 83.3% (15/18) of the brain examined. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the results of the direct examination, except in two specimens of lung tissue and in the brain specimens. Other studies are needed to further clarify the effect of the parasite in the central nervous system. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, immunohistochemistry, brain, hamster. ResumoA leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma doença crônica grave, causada pelo parasito Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Esclarecer as alterações provocadas pela doença é fundamental para que se adotem condutas clínicas e de tratamento adequadas. Com o objetivo de analisar a infecção experimental em hamsters da linhagem golden, Mesocricetus auratus, infectados com tecido de medula óssea de pacientes com LV no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, foram realizados estudos parasitológicos e de imunomarcação. Foi verificada a distribuição do parasitismo no baço, fígado, rim, pulmão, coração e encéfalo desses animais. Foram utilizados 18 hamsters experimentalmente inoculados via intra-peritoneal, e seis animais sadios como controles negativos. Os animais foram mantidos em biotério de experimentação e observados, em busca de alterações clínicas. Com fragmentos de cada órgão, procedeu-se a confecção de lâminas por aposição para pesquisa de amastigotas. Nos órgãos com resultado negativo na pesquisa direta do parasito, e em todas as amostras de encéfalo, foi realizada a técnica de imunohistoquímica. A pesquisa direta de amastigotas foi positiva no baço e fígado de todos os animais infectados; 33,3% apresentaram o parasito em rim e pulmão, e 16,7% no coração. Quando realizada

show abstract

“…1 In trying to understand the development of the immune response against Leishmania, rats and mice have been used in experimental models. 2 Unlike studies in animal models, studies of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in humans demonstrated that the immune response is not well defined, however, they confirm the important role of the cytokine profile. 3 Depending on the immune response, focusing on the type of T helper cells involved in the infection, Leishmania can be characterized as resistant or susceptible, thereby promoting the expansion of subpopulations of Th1 and Th2 cells, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OX40+ T lymphocytes and IFN-γ are associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis pathogenesis

Domingos

Viana

Fraga

et al. 2012

An. Bras. Dermatol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUNDLeishmaniases are zoonoses considered a public health problem, representing a complex group of diseases with a broad clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity. Leishmaniasis is caused by several species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The evolution of the pathology and the resolution of the leishmaniasis are dependent mainly on the Leishmania species involved, although the cytokine profile plays an important role in the development of the immune response. OBJECTIVESThe purpose of our study was to evaluate the immune response of patients affected by lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis by immunostaining of the OX40, CD20, IFN-γ and IL-4 proteins. METHODSThe tissue samples were collected from indolent skin ulcers confirmed as cutaneous leishmaniasis of 41 patients aged between six and 90 years. The lesions were submitted to OX40, CD20, INF-γ and IL-4 immuno-labeling. RESULTSWe observed a statistically significant higher expression of IFN-γ compared with IL-4 (p=0.009). Besides, OX40 had higher expression when compared with CD20 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONThe present study indicates that the immune response in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with a healing process, which can be explained by the higher expression of IFN-γ when compared with IL4 protein levels.

show abstract

Animal models for infectious diseases caused by parasites: Leishmaniasis

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which affect millions of people worldwide. In this review, we focus on clinical aspects of the leishmaniasis and on currently available experimental models to study the diseases.

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations

Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Development, Tissue Damage, and Cytokine Expression in Golden Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) Infected by Inocula with Different Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Concentrations

Presence of amastigotes in the central nervous system of hamsters infected with Leishmania sp.

OX40+ T lymphocytes and IFN-γ are associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis pathogenesis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About