Animal Model to Study Megaureters Non-Invasively

A Renal Protocol for All Ages and All Indications: Mercapto-Acetyl-Triglycine (MAG3) With Simultaneous Injection of Furosemide (MAG3-F0): A 17-Year Experience

“…Because of the aforementioned concerns and after an encouraging experience in the 1970s and 1980s with HIP and furosemide injected at 3 minutes (HIP-F 3 ) at the Ohio State University [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]40,41 the fast (22-minute dynamic), simple and easy protocol was initiated at UM as soon as MAG 3 became available (1990). MAG 3 -F 0 replaced the dual protocol followed until then (HIP-F 3 for function and glucoheptonate for…”

“…16,17 The 22-minute dynamic protocol called for the simultaneous injection of MAG 3 and furosemide (MAG 3 -F 0 ) after oral hydration and without bladder catheterization. [42][43][44] During the next 8 years this protocol not only provided a reliable way to evaluate patients for obstruction and renovascular hypertension (RVH), thus continuing the HIP-F 3 experience, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]29,40,41 but also opened a new world that facilitates the study of focal or diffuse diseases of the renal parenchyma (based on cortical activity accumulation and discharge). These new applications helped in the diagnosis and follow-up of a variety of DPD as well as that of APN, revealing the "regional parenchymal dysfunction," characteristic of APN.…”

A Review of Ninety-Two Obstructive Megaureters in Children

“…It differs from acquired obstruction where the intramural segment is never dilated and therefore an animal model is difficult to construct [8]. Nicotina et al [13]ascribe OMU to a segmental developmental delay at 20 weeks of gestation with autocrine TGF-β overexpression.…”

Animal model of megaureter.

“…The animal models with the ureteral obstruction have been developed for various studies of the dilated ureter (Benjamin et al 1956;Hausman et al 1974;Rose et al 1975;Lockhart et al 1982), and the resultant dilatation obtained from these models were approximately 2.5 times greater than the normal size. However, more dilated ureters are frequently encountered in clinical urology.…”