Animal Model of Dermatophytosis

Shimamura, Tsuyoshi; Kubota, Nobuo; Shibuya, Kazutoshi

doi:10.1155/2012/125384

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Various models have been explored in vitro and ex vivo to investigate the mechanism of dermatophyte infection such as the animal model,[ 6 ] stripped sheets of the stratum corneum,[ 7 8 ] nail plates, or monolayer cell culture model. [ 9 10 ] However, due to the anthropophilic feature of T. rubrum and the spontaneous healing of animals after the T. rubrum infection,[ 11 ] animal model is not the optimal choice. The stripped sheets of stratum corneum or nail plates from healthy volunteers could not response to the dermatophyte infection on account of missing living cells and no immune function, which is obviously different from the actual situation in vivo .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection Model Based on the Reconstructed Human Epidermis - Episkin®

Liang

Huang

et al. 2016

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background:Trichophyton rubrum represents the most common infectious fungus responsible for dermatophytosis in human, but the mechanism involved is still not completely understood. An appropriate model constructed to simulate host infection is the prerequisite to study the pathogenesis of dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum. In this study, we intended to develop a new T. rubrum infection model in vitro, using the three-dimensional reconstructed epidermis - EpiSkin®, and to pave the way for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T. rubrum infection.Methods:The reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) was infected by inoculating low-dose (400 conidia) and high-dose (4000 conidia) T. rubrum conidia to optimize the infection dose. During the various periods after infection, the samples were processed for pathological examination and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation.Results:The histological analysis of RHE revealed a fully differentiated epidermis with a functional stratum corneum, which was analogous to the normal human epidermis. The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and the periodic acid-Schiff staining showed that the infection dose of 400 conidia was in accord with the pathological characteristics of host dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum. SEM observations further exhibited the process of T. rubrum infection in an intuitionistic way.Conclusions:We established the T. rubrum infection model on RHE in vitro successfully. It is a promising model for further investigation of the mechanisms involved in T. rubrum infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection Model Based on the Reconstructed Human Epidermis - Episkin®

Liang

Huang

et al. 2016

Chinese Medical Journal

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“…The insufficient knowledge on the global host response against dermatophytosis is notably attributed to the lack of reliable experimental models for dermatophyte infections (Cambier et al, 2017;Shimamura et al, 2012). In our model, the inflammatory signature of clinical signs and microscopic lesions, fungal colonization of keratinized epidermal and follicular structures, and self-healing in WT mice mimic acute superficial tinea in humans from zoophilic dermatophytes such as T. benhamiae (Cambier et al, 2014;Weitzman and Summerbell, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Th1 and Th17 Immune Responses Act Complementarily to Optimally Control Superficial Dermatophytosis

Heinen

Cambier

Antoine

et al. 2019

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

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Dermatophytoses are among the most common fungal infections worldwide but little is known about the immune response in them. By comparing Trichophyton benhamiae acute superficial dermatophytosis in WT and Rag2 mice, we showed that TCR-mediated immunity is critical for fungal clearance and clinical recovery. In WT mice, CD4+ T-cells isolated from the skin-draining lymph nodes exhibit both Th1 and Th17 differentiation during infection, with regard to produced cytokines or mRNA levels of transcription factors. Using IL-17A- and IFN-γ-deficient mice, we showed that IL-17A and IFN-γ are individually dispensable, but together contribute to the optimal resolution of dermatophytosis. Furthermore, we generated and infected IL-17A and IFN-γ double-deficient mice and showed that both fungal clearance and clinical recovery were much lower in these mice than in single-deficient mice, suggestive of the complementary roles of the two cytokines in dermatophytosis resolution. Thus, our data suggest that TCR-mediated immunity is critical for the optimal control of superficial dermatophytosis and that adaptive immunity is polarized to both Th1 and Th17 responses, with the Th17 antifungal response acting on dermatophyte clearance and the Th1 one being involved in both fungal clearance and Th17-inflammation down-modulation.

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“…Animals were inoculated according to the modified method of Shimamura et al 25 The hair in the posterior dorsal region of the animals was removed with a sterile scalpel blade. Fungal strains were suspended in sterile water and were inoculated at the site, which was covered with a polyethylene film and kept in place with a high elastic bandage for 24 h. After 24 h, the bandage was removed, the area was cleared and sterilized with ethyl alcohol and water and the animals were cased individually for 15 days with adequate supply of food and water.…”

Section: In Vitro Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal effect of Gatifloxacin and copper ions combination

et al. 2014

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It is a well-known fact that to bring a new molecule it may take more than a decade. The existing drugs, which are known for their adverse reaction or toxicity, if utilized and allowed in different formulation, the new effective formulation may be discovered and developed. This may help in reducing various side effects, time and costs. In this study, fungal infection was inoculated superficially over the skin of guinea pigs and treated with the broad-spectrum antimicrobial (gatifloxacin) in combination with non-toxic and effective amount of copper ions. MIC of copper (0.20%) was also determined. Concentration of gatifloxacin (100 μg ml(-1)) with the combination of copper ions (MIC) at which it inhibits the visible growth of fungal strains was also evaluated. Hematological parameters, such as total leukocyte count and differential leukocyte count, were evaluated. The results have shown increase in these parameters after fungal infection, which reaches its normal value after treatment with the combination of gatifloxacin and copper ions. Outcomes of the research concluded that gatifloxacin 100 μg ml(-1) can be used by 0.20% of copper ions to prevent growth of some fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger), which causes skin infections with more potency.

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Animal Model of Dermatophytosis

Cited by 41 publications

References 78 publications

A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection Model Based on the Reconstructed Human Epidermis - Episkin®

A Trichophyton Rubrum Infection Model Based on the Reconstructed Human Epidermis - Episkin®

Th1 and Th17 Immune Responses Act Complementarily to Optimally Control Superficial Dermatophytosis

Antifungal effect of Gatifloxacin and copper ions combination

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