Animal Health Products

Abstract

A vast range of veterinary chemical products are used in the animal health sector. Those that control external parasites (ectoparasites) on domestic animals are known as ectoparasiticides and comprise two major groups—pesticides and systemic insecticides/acaricides. Ectoparasites of companion animals are a major cause of dermatologic problems in animals and act as vectors for various pathogens. Ectoparasites cause production losses in food‐producing animals that incur enormous costs to the livestock industry. The manifestations of ectoparasites on food‐producing animals include anemia; reduced production of meat, milk, and eggs; reduced quality and quantity of fleece; damage to hides (cattle grubs and cockle of sheep pelts from lice infestations); hypersensitivity reactions (to the itchmite Psorergates ovis of sheep); transmission of animal diseases (pinkeye of cattle, encephalitis of horses, anaplasmosis of cattle); and decreased resistance to other diseases. Presently, chemical treatment applied prophylactically, strategically, or tactically remains the main option for ectoparasite control.

Control of bovine tick [Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus] with Brunfelsia uniflora leaf extract

“…A greater value of lethal concentration for females is expected since they have thicker cuticle due to the hormonal stimulus in the parasitic phase. The cuticle thickening makes the extract penetration difficult which occurs only through the articulation and natural orifices, making the tick less vulnerable to intoxication (Reeves, 2003), and increasing the lethal concentration for engorged females when compared to larvae. The acaricidal activity of extracts from Solanaceae has already been demonstrated in in vitro studies with Nicotiana tabacum (Araújo et al, 2016;Avinash et al, 2017) and Capsicum frutensis (Vasconcellos et al, 2014).…”