Anglo–Vietnamese diplomatic relationship in the seventeenth century: the case of the English East India Company

Tran, Ngoc Chat

doi:10.1017/s1479591421000267

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…He also developed good relations with its local people. The EIC operated an effective policy of gift-diplomacy in the period 1672–1682, frequently tasking Keeling with sending gifts to the King and provincial Mandarins (Tran, 2021). The appearance of his Tonkinese wife in factory records in 1693 is also suggestive of a close connection with the Tonkin people (IOR/G/12/17/9, 1693, p. 335a).…”

Section: William Keeling and His Power In Tonkin (1676–1686)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overseas management in the English East India Company: a study of the Tonkin factory (1672-1697)

Tran

Dinh

Nguyen

et al. 2022

JMH

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate “corporate governance” of the English East India Company (EIC) in the late 17th century through a case study of the Tonkin factory (1672–1697). Design/methodology/approach The paper draws upon British primary materials relating to the Tonkin factory to examine and analyze the EIC’s style of management in Tonkin (Vietnam) and Bantam (Java). Qualitative and comparative methods are applied to the analysis of reports, records and letters written by EIC staff. Findings The paper finds that the EIC faced principal-agent problems as it had difficulties administering its distant agents and subsidiaries in the 17th century. London was strategically weakened, both by the limiting power of regional headquarters and by its use of experienced factors. Before 1682, London failed to temper the Bantam Council’s influence, and there were serious internal conflicts and power struggles between English Tonkin employees seeking to improve their positions. After 1686, London successfully forced Madras to adopt a noninterventionist stance in Tonkin’s business, but it faced the problem of “adverse selection.” Originality/value This paper provides evidence from the Tonkin factory (1672–1697) to show the EIC’s governance in the perspective of the agency theory.

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Section: William Keeling and His Power In Tonkin (1676–1686)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overseas management in the English East India Company: a study of the Tonkin factory (1672-1697)

Tran

Dinh

Nguyen

et al. 2022

JMH

Self Cite

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Robinson on Con Dao: mango writing and faltering diplomacy in the precursors of Crusoe in Vietnam

Hutnyk

2021

South East Asia Research

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The Recently Found Map of the World (Kunyutu 坤輿圖): A Philological Survey (Part II)

De Morsier-Fritz

2023

Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques

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This is Part II following on from the first presentation of the Chinese Map of the World or Kunyutu 坤輿圖 published in vol. 75 of this journal. The large wall map in silk, found in a federal library in Berne, Switzerland, is anonymous and purports to represent the geopolitical situation during the period 1700–1730. After a short general, geographical overview containing cartographic remarks and findings, this article will focus on the translation of all 112 text blocks on the map, which are found in Appendix II. These text blocks contain information on the customs and products of a given place, as well as describing other curiosities associated with it. I compared these texts with other maps and textual sources, in particular with The Complete World Map (Kunyu quantu 坤輿全圖) and The Explanations of the World Map (Kunyutu shuo 坤輿圖說) by Verbiest in 1674. A Venn diagram reveals which source was used most frequently. I detected some geographical assumptions the creator of the Bernese map has drawn from previous sources or copied from earlier maps. These offer valuable pointers to the source language and enable the identification of specific misunderstandings, original creations and uncertainties or signs of ignorance. My translation of the text blocks helps to pinpoint certain anachronisms and inaccuracies, although the map essentially reflects the political situation in the years 1700–1730. These various pieces of evidence suggest that the map was in fact made much later by a copyist and is not only a cartographic composite of earlier maps, but also a fusion based on Northern and Southern Mandarin sources. I presume that the translations, drawn from French sources into Southern Mandarin – the language of the late Ming officials (guanhua 官話) – as well as a variety of Southern Chinese dialects, suggest the underlying influence of a Jesuit tradition.

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Anglo–Vietnamese diplomatic relationship in the seventeenth century: the case of the English East India Company

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Overseas management in the English East India Company: a study of the Tonkin factory (1672-1697)

Overseas management in the English East India Company: a study of the Tonkin factory (1672-1697)

Robinson on Con Dao: mango writing and faltering diplomacy in the precursors of Crusoe in Vietnam

The Recently Found Map of the World (Kunyutu 坤輿圖): A Philological Survey (Part II)

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