Angiotensinogen and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotypes, and Day and Night Blood Pressures in Elderly Japanese Hypertensives.

Abstract

There are inconsistent reports that the angiotensinogen (ATG) variant Met235-->Thr (T235) allele and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) variants are associated with hypertension and related target organ damage. Both high blood pressure (BP) and abnormal diurnal BP variation patterns are related to target organ damage, but it is not known whether the above genetic variants of the renin-angiotensin system are related to 24 h BP and the diurnal BP pattern in Japanese. We studied the association of the ATG T235 allele and ACE D allele with 24 h BP and diurnal BP variation in 235 of 262 consecutive untreated (or off medication) elderly Japanese hypertensives who underwent 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring. There was no significant association between the T235 or ACE D allele with office BP, but the T235 allele was significantly associated with 24 h BP and day BP, and the D allele was significantly associated with increased 24 h BP, day BP, and night BP. There were no effects of the T235 or D alleles on any BP parameters. Those with white-coat hypertension had a significantly lower T235 allele frequency (0.68) than those with sustained hypertension (0.79, p=0.010), but the difference in D allele frequency was marginal (0.30 vs. 0.38, p=0.057). In conclusion, in elderly Japanese hypertensive individuals, both the ATG T 235 and ACE D alleles are associated with increased 24 h BP and day BP, while only the ACE D allele is associated with increased night BP.

The association between circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

“…Numerous studies have explored the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and various diseases. [3][4][5][6] Although a relationship between I/D polymorphism and plasma ACE level has been repeatedly confirmed, 1-2 other factors have been shown to influence circulating ACE levels. [13][14][15][16][17][18] Despite this, previous studies have mainly focused on the ACE I/D polymorphism and its possible connection with CVD, disregarding the fact that the role of circulating ACE in cardiovascular disease is largely unknown.…”

“…3 Since then, the influence of the ACE I/D polymorphism on cardiovascular risk has been extensively researched. Some studies have shown an association between the D/D genotype and coronary artery disease, 4 hypertension 5 and left ventricular hypertrophy. 6 Other studies, however, have failed to confirm this.…”

Genetics of arterial hypertension and hypotension

“…males (Fornage et al 1998;O'Donnel et al 1998;Kario et al 1999;Giner et al 2000). A first meta-analysis based on 28 case-control studies with 6923 individuals revealed a nonsignificant pooled odds ratio for hypertension in carriers of the DD versus II genotypes, translating into a 10% increased risk for hypertension in carriers of the DD genotype.…”

Effects of Bedtime vs. Morning Administration of the Long-Acting Lipophilic Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Trandolapril on Morning Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients

“…Diurnal BP variation is determined by various genetic (11,12), and environmental factors, including psychological and physical activities Thus, an antihypertensive medication that was more specific for morning BP surge would be useful for the prevention of cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients.…”