Angiotensin‐converting enzyme insertion/deletion (rs106180) and angiotensin type 1 receptor A₁₁₆₆C (rs106165) genotypes and psoriasis: Correlation with cellular immunity, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is a key circulating enzyme converting angiotensin (Ang) I to the vasoactive peptide Ang II. The exact role of ACE insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism (rs106180) in psoriasis is not clear. We aimed to examine whether the ACE I/D and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) A1166C‐polymorphisms (rs106165), lipid profile, and stress oxidative are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis. One hundred patients with psoriasis and 100 sex‐ and age‐matched unrelated healthy controls were recruited for this case‐control study. ACE I/D and AT1R A1166C polymorphisms were identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively, malondialdehyde (MDA) was detected by the high‐performance liquid chromatography, serum arylesterase (ARE) activity of paraoxonase and catalase activities were detected by the spectrophotometry, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and vascular adhesion protein (VAP)‐1 were measured by ELISA. The presence of C allele of AT1R A1166C and I allele of ACE considerably increased the risk of psoriasis by 6.42‐fold (P < 0.001). The distribution of II‐genotype of ACE was significantly higher in psoriasis patients than in control group and increased the risk of disease by 3.11‐times (P = 0.023). The higher levels of MDA in patients and the higher activity of SOD, ARE, and CAT was observed in healthy controls with I/D+I/I‐genotype of ACE I/D. This study for the first time demonstrated that the ACE I/D and AT1R A 1166C genes polymorphisms robustly increases the risk of developing psoriasis in population from west of Iran. In addition, these individuals had significantly higher VAP‐1 and MDA concentration and lower enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant‐status, suggesting that psoriatic patients carrying C allele of AT1R1166 polymorphism may be more susceptible to cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction compared with A allele.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The same genotype showed to be less represented among patients in hospital-based studies. Out of all studies included in the meta-analysis, four studies [9,23,30,34] showed a significant decreased psoriasis susceptibility, while three studies [31][32][33] reported a significant increased risk to develop psoriasis in subjects carrying the D allele. Similarly, the DD genotype was associated to a Fig.…”

“…Similarly, the DD genotype was associated to a Fig. 3 Funnel plot of the risk of psoriasis related to angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism based on five genetic models significant decreased psoriasis susceptibility in four studies [9,25,30,34] and increased risk three studies [31][32][33], respectively. Moreover, the ID genotype showed a significant decreased risk of psoriasis in four studies [9,24,25,30] and a significant elevated susceptibility to the disease in one study [33].…”

“…Twelve studies reported their research in Caucasian ethnicity [21-23, 25-30, 32-34] and four studies [9,20,24,31] in Asian ethnicity. Among Caucasian ethnicity, four studies [23,26,27,33] were conducted in Arab population, four studies [21,25,28,29] enrolled European population, while the remaining four studies [22,30,32,34] evaluated other populations (Pakistani, Iranian and Turkish populations).…”

“…With regard to the controls source, nine studies [9, 20, 23-27, 31, 34] enrolled hospital-based patients, two studies [29,30] were population-based, and five studies [21,22,28,32,33] enrolled controls of unknown origin. In most of the considered studies, the ratio of patients affected by different psoriasis subtypes was not reported [9,20,21,24,31,32,34], while only 5 and 4 studies were conducted in groups of patients affected predominantly by psoriasis vulgaris [22,25,26,28,33] and psoriatic arthritis [23,27,29,30], respectively. In all studies the used genotyping method was polymerase chain reaction (PCR).…”

Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Twelve studies reported their research in Caucasian ethnicity [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] and four studies [9,20,33,34] in Asian ethnicity. Among Caucasian ethnicity, four studies [23,25,26,31] were conducted in Arab population, four studies [21,24,27,28] enrolled European population, while the remaining four studies [22,29,30,32] evaluated other populations (Pakistani, Iranian and Turkish populations). The meta-analysis included 3003 psoriatic patients and 3689 controls.…”