Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with risk of oral precancerous lesion in betel quid chewers

Abstract

To investigate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is related to the risk of oral precancerous lesions (OPL) in Taiwanese subjects who chew betel quid, a total of 61 betel quid chewers having OPL were compared with 61 asymptomatic betel quid chewers matched for betel quid chewing duration and dosage. The frequency of homozygote for ACE D variant is significantly higher in the case subjects than that of the controls (44.3 vs 24.6%; P ¼ 0.0108). The adjusted odds ratio of the D homozygous for the risk of OPL is 8.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 2.04 -32.19, P ¼ 0.003). In the allelic base analysis, the D allele is also significantly associated with higher risk of OPL. When grouping the study subjects by smoking status, the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of OPL was only observed in nonsmokers. Our results support the theory that genetic factors may contribute to the susceptibility of OPL and suggest that smoking and genetic factors may be differently involved in the development of OPL.

Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism with increased risk for oral cancer

“…To our knowledge, the only study investigating the possible association of the ACE I/D polymorphism with oral oncogenesis has been conducted on Taiwanese betel quid chewers presenting with oral precancerous lesions [10]. Contrary to our findings, the Taiwanese study revealed an increase of the D allele in individuals with oral precancerous lesions in comparison to betel quid chewers with no such lesions [10].…”

“…Contrary to our findings, the Taiwanese study revealed an increase of the D allele in individuals with oral precancerous lesions in comparison to betel quid chewers with no such lesions [10]. This conflicting observation may be due either to the relatively small sample of investigated individuals in the Asian study (n 061 in each group) and/or the genetic difference of the two studied populations (Taiwanese against Europeans).…”

“…; and reverse, 5?-TCGCCAGCCCTCCCATGCCCATAA-3?) that produce an amplified product only in the presence of the insertion [10].…”

“…and antisense: 5?-GATGTGGCCATCACATTCGTCAGAT-3? [10]. For verification of the results of molecular analysis some of the samples were tested twice, while additional molecular work was performed in order to confirm DD genotype samples by using a pair of primers (forward, 5?-TGGGAC-CACAGCGCCCGCCACTAC-3?…”

No association betweenACEolymorphism and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

“…The PCR procedure was described previously. 41 All PCR products were visualized after electrophoresis on 6% polyacrylamide gel with silver nitrate staining.…”