Angiosarcoma after breast-conserving therapy: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, immunocytochemistry, and clinicopathologic correlates

Abstract

Background: Over 45 million Americans suffer from recurrent headaches, and an estimated $11.9 million was spent on doctor's visits for rhinogenic pain last year. Sphenopalatine blocks have been described for various facial pain syndromes, but their use and the type of blockade agents remain controversial. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that endoscopic nerve blocks, using a mixture of bupivicaine and triamcinolone‐40, injected into the anterior ethmoid or sphenopalatine regions, can be a relative safe and effective option for refractory pain. Methods: The charts of all patients undergoing endoscopic neural blockade, in a private practice setting from 1998 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. A 1:1 mixture of 0.5% bupivicaine and triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension was injected into the patients' anterior ethmoid or sphenopalatine neural distribution, or both, depending on the pain distribution. Charts were reviewed to assess outcomes and any adverse events from nerve blocks. Results: A total of 882 nerve blocks were administered to 147 patients, over the course of 431 office visits. Four mild complications, 2 moderate complications, and no severe or permanent complications were noted. No permanent visual complications were observed. Of all the charts, 85% had documented effects of the nerve block at follow‐up. Of those, 81.3% claimed improvement, 17.9% reported feeling the same, and 0.79% stated they had worse pain. Conclusion: Endoscopic neural blockade appears to be a relatively safe and viable option in the treatment of refractory headache and facial pain with a rhinogenic component. © 2012 ARS‐AAOA, LLC.

Fine Needle Aspiration of Metastatic Epithelioid Angiosarcoma

“…Preexisting surgical scars may also constitute a risk factor for the occurrence of angiosarcoma. 6 Apart from idiopathic cases, in some patients with EA a clinical history of radiation therapy, lymphatic stasis or previous surgical treatment for a different neoplasm may be obtained. These clinical data may be of great value in guiding the cytopathologist to a correct diagnosis, along with cytomorphology.…”

Angiosarcoma in FNA smears: diagnostic accuracy, morphology, immunocytochemistry and differential diagnoses

“…The number of antibodies varied from one to several. In five reports antibodies against CD31 and/or CD34 were used and the reactions were reported positive 3,7,9,25,26 . Since we found a case of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma to be CD31‐positive, we became cautious in relying on this marker and are concerned about the potential positivity of CD31 in tumours that are not of vascular origin.…”

Soft Tissue

“…Local recurrence and rare distant metastasis are sequelae of aggressive forms. 146,[148][149][150][151][152] granular cell Tumor Granular cell tumors are relatively common, slowly growing neoplasms derived from Schwann cells. Cell borders are clearly defined, and delicate cytoplasmic processes extend from a number of the cells (Papanicolaou stain).…”