Angiogenic Capacity of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Regulated by SDF-1α-CXCR4 Axis

Abstract

Previously, the perivascular characteristics of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were reported, which suggested the potential application of DPSCs as perivascular cell source. In this study, we investigated whether DPSCs had angiogenic capacity by coinjection with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vivo; in addition, we determined the role of stromal cell-derived factor 1-α (SDF-1α) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in the mutual interaction between DPSCs and HUVECs. Primarily isolated DPSCs showed mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) like characteristics. Moreover, DPSCs expressed perivascular markers such as NG2, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ), and CD146. In vivo angiogenic capacity of DPSCs was demonstrated by in vivo Matrigel plug assay. We could observe microvessel-like structures in the coinjection of DPSCs and HUVECs at 7 days postinjection. To block SDF-1α and CXCR4 axis between DPSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into Matrigel plug. No significant microvessel-like structures were observed at 7 days postinjection. In conclusion, DPSCs have perivascular characteristics that contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. The findings of this study have potential applications in neovascularization of engineered tissues and vascular diseases.

Injectable and tunable hyaluronic acid hydrogels releasing chemotactic and angiogenic growth factors for endodontic regeneration

“…Moreover, co-cultures demonstrate that DPCs participate in the formation of more stable blood vessels by promoting endothelial cells proliferation and migration covering HUVECs, acting as pericytes [92]. According to our results, besides expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers, primary isolated hDPCs were also positive for perivascular markers, namely a-SMA, suggestive of their perivascular origin, as reported in previous studies [92,93]. In this sense, the incorporation of hDPCs in this novel injectable system might enhance the revascularization and new tissue ingrowth.…”

Regeneration of Salivary Gland Defects of Diabetic Wistar Rats Post Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Intraglandular Transplantation on Acinar Cell Vacuolization and Interleukin-10 Serum Level

“…This is indicated that the tissue regeneration process by DPSC on the 7th day had not occurred well. This is supported by previous research that that on the 7th day of the HDPSC injection post there were no significant results on the microvascular structure, which is one of the important factors in the regeneration process [24]. showed that there was a significant increase in Alpha-Amylase-1 markers (AMY-1) marker of differentiation of acinar cells and FGF7 which are mesenchymal markers.…”

Potential Roles of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Neural Regeneration and Repair

“…Both the formation and function of new blood vessels are improved by either injection of DPSCs into neuronal disease models or transplantation of DPSCs into ischemia and myocardial infarction animal models [ 101 , 102 ]. Moreover, Nam et al observed that by coinjection of DPSCs and HUVECs into immunodeficient mice, microvessel-like structures would be formed, which illustrated that DPSCs could perform as perivascular cells for in vivo angiogenesis [ 103 ]. DPSCs also have the ability to differentiate into endothelial-like cells.…”