Anger Correlated with Psychosocial Variables in Rural Youth

Abstract

Uncontrolled anger is a contributing force in the three leading causes of adolescent death: homicide, suicide, and injuries. Anger may be one of the early warning signs which could lead to violent behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anger experience and expression with the potential correlates of life events, perceived social support, self-esteem, optimism, drug use, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in rural adolescents. The participants (n=193) were aged 14 to 17 years old in ninth through eleventh grades enrolled at three rural Western Pennsylvania public high schools. Participants completed nine questionnaires. Negative life events, anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms had significant positive correlations with anger. In addition, anger was found to have significant negative correlations with the adolescents' perceived family support, self-esteem, and optimism. With this knowledge, health promotion programs conducted by pediatric nurses can target anxiety, drug use, and depressive symptoms while bolstering family support, self-esteem, and optimism to promote anger management in adolescent health care. KeywordsAdolescents; Anger; Mental health; Rural Uncontrolled anger is a contributing force in the three leading causes of adolescent death: homicide, suicide, and injuries (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2006). Address correspondence to Kirsti Hetager Stark, Project Director, Clinical Specialist, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, 415 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261. kms87@pitt.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.This article is not subject to US Copyright law. Anger may be one of the early warning signs which may lead to this violent behavior. Anger that is expressed frequently and intensely in response to minor irritants may signal potential violent behavior (Dwyer et al., 1998 (USDHHS, 2007). In particular, rural adolescents face additional disparities related to the compounding stresses of geographic isolation, lack of specialized services, and poverty. Although the actions of angry youth, from school shootings to dating violence, have peppered the media in recent years, few studi...

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