Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Bershad, Eric M.; Suárez, José I.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5478-8.10030-2

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is known to be associated with high mortality, morbidity, and burden of healthcare [5].It is responsible for 2% to 7% of all strokes, but it is disproportionately responsible for 27% of the years of life that are lost due to stroke before age 65. [9] The incidence of aSAH ranged from 2 to 16 cases per 100,000 people, according to the findings of a more recent systematic analysis of population-based studies [4]. In Asia excluding Japan, the SAH incidence for 2010 was estimated to be 3.7 per 100000 person-years, and the annual decline since 1984 was 1.3% [6].…”

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have been conducted on a wide variety of possible risk factors for SAH; however, only a select few have produced conclusive results [9]. Behaviors such as hypertension, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the use of sympathomimetic substances (such as cocaine) are all considered to be risk factors for aSAH [4].…”

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Behaviors such as hypertension, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the use of sympathomimetic substances (such as cocaine) are all considered to be risk factors for aSAH [4]. Nonmodifiable risk factors for SAH include a family history of SAH in a first-degree relative, female sex, low educational achievement, low body mass index, and undetermined genetic factors.Some known inherited conditions associated with SAH and/or intracranial aneurysms include adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), Ehlers-Danlos disease (type IV), alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, sickle cell disease, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type I, tuberous sclerosis, fibromuscular dysplasia, and coarctation of the aorta [9].…”

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The size and location of the unruptured aneurysm, as well as a previous history of SAH, are some clinical variables that may be helpful in determining the risk of rupture of an unruptured aneurysm. Several investigators have evaluated the histology and anatomic features of the aneurysm which may increase the risk of rupture [9].…”

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinico-Demographic Profile and Clinical Outcome of Young Adult Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Admitted in Quirino Memorial Medical Center

de Pedro Dimzon MD,

Vincent A. Opinaldo MD

2023

IJAR

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In patients younger than 40 years old, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an extremely rare condition. Despite the fact that the clinical features of aSAH have been the subject of extensive research in the general population, there is still some debate regarding the formation of aneurysms and their rupture in the young population. Behaviors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and the use of sympathomimetic medications are all considered risk factors for aSAH. Being female, the existence of an unruptured cerebral aneurysm, a history of hereditary and family history of aSAH, and certain genetic syndromes all contribute to an increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. An ambidirectional cohort study is utilized in the study on thepatients who are from 19-55 years old admitted at Quirino Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City. The respondents are selected using convenience sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The result showed that the Hunt and Hess score still play a significant role in determining the prognosis of young patients with ruptured aSAH. In addition, the survivability of patients in this population does not solely depend on the presence of any behavioral and non-modifiable risk factors for aSAH such as the Modified Fisher Grade Score, location, number, and type of aneurysms on radiographic findings but the clinical outcome and long-term functional outcome depend on the interplay of the above-mentioned factors, as well as the clinical condition of the patient on admission and the interventions given.

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Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of Related Literature:-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Clinical Outcome of Young Adult Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Admitted in Quirino Memorial Medical Center

de Pedro Dimzon MD,

Vincent A. Opinaldo MD

2023

IJAR

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“…However, with the advent of endovascular coiling current best practise has now moved towards urgent intervention within 3–4 days to prevent further cerebral ischaemia 2. The intention is to minimise the risk of rebleeding, allow the removal of cisternal blood and permit hypertensive treatment strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Listening to the head and not the heart: subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with severe acute left ventricular failure

King

2013

BMJ Case Reports

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Headache is a very common presenting symptom in the emergency department, and distinguishing subarachnoid haemorrhage from more benign causes of headache can be challenging. This particular presentation of subarachnoid haemorrhage was made more difficult by concurrent-related cardiac pathophysiology. This case report describes the evolving differential diagnosis of a 54-year-old woman initially presenting with headache and confusion, with signs and investigations suggestive of ST elevation myocardial infarction and resultant left ventricular failure. The importance of prompt primary percutaenous coronary intervention left clinicians with a difficult decision about which specialty was most appropriate for the patient to be transferred to. Ultimately the symptoms were explained by radiographic confirmation of subarachnoid haemorrhage and subsequent adrenergic storm, causing myocyte injury and myocardial contractile dysfunction. This patient was transferred for coiling of a ruptured cerebral artery berry aneurysm. Her left ventricular failure improved from severe to mild within 48 h of presentation.

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Stress Gastric Ulcers and Cytoprotective Strategies: Perspectives and Trends

Ray

Gulati

Henke

2020

CPD

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: Stress gastric ulceration is a clinical condition leading to morbidity/mortality and complex etiopathological factors are involved. Pharmacotherapy of such gastric mucosal lesions is not consistent and novel strategies are being explored. Targeting gastrointestinal factors have showed equivocal results and there is a possibility of involvement extra-gastrointestinal factors. Stress is a highly interactive biological response in which the brain plays a key role. The involvement of brain substrates like the limbic system (amygdala, cortex, hippocampus) and behavioral traits have been investigated and research data has shown that the limbic brain-gut axis may be involved in the regulation of gastric mucosal integrity during stressful situations. The amygdaloid complex, its connections with other limbic structures and their neural networks act in tandem to contribute to both stress ulceration and gastroprotection. Complex neurotransmitter interactions in these areas involving biogenic amines and neuropeptides have been shown to modulate stress ulcerogenesis in experimental models. The immune system and brain-immune interactions also appear to play a decisive role in the genesis of such stress gastric lesions and the possibility of a brain-gut-immune axis has been proposed during stress gastric lesions. More recent studies have shown the involvement of oxidative stress and nitric oxide as well their interactions during such stress gastric pathology and indicating the possible role of antioxidants and NO modualtors as gastroprotective agents for stress ulceration. In view of the complex pathophysiology, multiple targets and lack of consistent therapeutic modalities, newer/alternative hypotheses are constantly emerging which could be explored for effective treatment starategies aimed at gastric cytoprotection. Herbal agents with adaptogenic properties could be worth exploring in this regard as some of these phytopharmaceutical agents used in traditional medicine have been shown to exhibit gastric cytoprotection as part of their ant-stress profile. Further, their interactions with brain neurotransmitters and immune mechanisms and their relative safety could make them prospective leads for stress ulcer prophylaxis and treatment.

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Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Cited by 4 publications

References 356 publications

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Clinical Outcome of Young Adult Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Admitted in Quirino Memorial Medical Center

Clinico-Demographic Profile and Clinical Outcome of Young Adult Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Admitted in Quirino Memorial Medical Center

Listening to the head and not the heart: subarachnoid haemorrhage associated with severe acute left ventricular failure

Stress Gastric Ulcers and Cytoprotective Strategies: Perspectives and Trends

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