Anesthesia and Analgesia for Laboratory Rodents

Gaertner, Diane J.; Hallman, Troy; Hankenson, F. Claire; Batchelder, Margaret

doi:10.1016/b978-012373898-1.50014-0

Cited by 91 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 442 publications

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“…injected anesthetics include transient weight loss and peritoneal irritation or inflammation (Gaertner, et al, 2008). In Figure 5B, we demonstrate using ANOVA that there are no statistically significant changes in weight for 2,2,2-tribromoethanol-chloral hydrate injected mice over the three days following anesthesia ( P = 0.272).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For decades, many studies in rodents have employed 2,2,2-tribromoethanol anesthesia because of the ease of preparation and use (Gaertner, et al, 2008; Papaioannou & Fox, 1993; Weiss & Zimmermann, 1999): 2,2,2-tribromoethanol is not a controlled substance, is easily prepared, and is a safe and rapid-onset anesthetic that can be used over a wide dosage range. Anesthesia with this drug causes loss of righting reflexes, absence of responses to tail and ear pinching, muscle relaxation and decreased skeletal respiratory activity within 1 – 2 min (Gaertner, et al, 2008; Norris & Turner, 1983; Papaioannou & Fox, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anesthesia with this drug causes loss of righting reflexes, absence of responses to tail and ear pinching, muscle relaxation and decreased skeletal respiratory activity within 1 – 2 min (Gaertner, et al, 2008; Norris & Turner, 1983; Papaioannou & Fox, 1993). However, incorrect preparation or storage of 2,2,2-tribromoethanol stocks increases the risk of mortality (Buetow, et al, 1999; Gaertner, et al, 2008; Weiss & Zimmermann, 1999). The decomposition products, hydrobromic acid and dibromoacetaldehyde, decrease the pH of the solution below 5 and irritate the peritoneal cavity (Buetow, et al, 1999; Nicol, et al, 1965; Norris & Turner, 1983; Papaioannou & Fox, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloral hydrate has been used as a reliable sedative for more than a century (Gaertner, et al, 2008; Hetzler & Dyer, 1984). It is often considered to be a suboptimal anesthetic for rodents because it is a poor analgesic and, indeed, most contemporary surgical procedures involve anesthetics with strong analgesic properties (Flecknell, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased anesthesia time using 2,2,2-tribromoethanol–chloral hydrate with low impact on mouse psychoacoustics

Maheras

Gow

2013

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Background To examine psychoacoustics in mice, we have used 2,2,2-tribromoethanol anesthesia in multiple studies. We find this drug is fast-acting and yields consistent results, providing 30 – 40 min of anesthesia. Our recent studies in binaural hearing prompted development of a regimen to anesthesia time to one hour. We tested a novel cocktail using 2,2,2-tribromoethanol coupled with low dose chloral hydrate to extend the effective anesthesia time. New Method We have established an intraperitoneal dosing regimen for 2,2,2-tribromoethanol-chloral hydrate anesthesia. To measure efficacy of the drug cocktail, we measured auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) at 10 min intervals to determine the effects on hearing thresholds and wave amplitudes and latencies. Results This novel drug combination increases effective anesthesia to one hour. ABR Wave I amplitudes, but not latencies, are marginally suppressed. Additionally, amplitudes of the centrally-derived Waves III and V show significant inter-animal variability that is independent of stimulus intensity. These data argue against the systematic suppression of ABRs by the drug cocktail. Comparison with Existing Methods Using 2,2,2-tribromoethanol-chloral hydrate combination in psychoacoustic studies has several advantages over other drug cocktails, the most important being preservation of latencies from centrally- and peripherally-derived ABR waves. In addition, hearing thresholds are unchanged and wave amplitudes are not systematically suppressed, although they exhibit greater variability. Conclusions We demonstrate that 375 mg/kg 2,2,2-tribromoethanol followed after five min by 200 mg/kg chloral hydrate provides an anesthesia time of 60 min, has negligible effects on ABR wave latencies and thresholds and non-systematic effects on amplitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%