2011
DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2011.77
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Anemia and iron deficiency in heart failure: mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Abstract: Anemia and iron deficiency are common in patients with heart failure (HF), and are associated with worse symptoms and adverse outcomes in this population. Although the two can occur together, anemia in HF is often not caused by iron deficiency, and iron deficiency can be present without causing anemia. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents have been investigated extensively in the past few years and might be of benefit in patients with HF and anemia. However, concerns have arisen regarding the safety of erythropoi… Show more

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Cited by 182 publications
(171 citation statements)
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“…18 These agents may induce an imbalance between increased iron requirement and insufficient iron mobilization from stores, especially when hepcidin levels are elevated, leading to functional iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is increasingly reported in patients with heart failure, 19 and may be a component of anemia in cancer patients and in the elderly, when associated with inflammation, low erythropoietin, and often multiple medications. Mild iron deficiency anemia is present in severely obese subjects, because of low-grade inflammation, increased hepcidin levels, and reduced iron absorption.…”
Section: Traditional and Emerging Causes Of Iron Deficiencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…18 These agents may induce an imbalance between increased iron requirement and insufficient iron mobilization from stores, especially when hepcidin levels are elevated, leading to functional iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is increasingly reported in patients with heart failure, 19 and may be a component of anemia in cancer patients and in the elderly, when associated with inflammation, low erythropoietin, and often multiple medications. Mild iron deficiency anemia is present in severely obese subjects, because of low-grade inflammation, increased hepcidin levels, and reduced iron absorption.…”
Section: Traditional and Emerging Causes Of Iron Deficiencymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1,2 Anemija je nezavisan faktor rizika za napredovanje srčane slabosti i hronične bolesti bubrega, a rezultati meta-analize kliničkih studija pokazuju da je anemija i nezavisan faktor rizika za nepovoljan ishod bolesnika koji boluju od srčane slabosti. 3 Rano otkrivanje anemije i pravovremena primena odgovarajućeg lečenja usporavaju napredovanje srčane i bubrežne slabosti, smanjuju stopu morbiditeta i mortaliteta i popravljaju kvalitet života bolesnika sa kardio-renalnim sindromom. [1][2][3] De nicija i etiopatogeneza anemije u kardio-renalnom sindromu Kod bolesnika koji boluju od hronične slabosti srca anemija se de niše kao nivo hemoglobina manji od 130 g/L kod muškaraca i manji od 120 g/L kod žena (kriterijumi svetske zdravstvene organizacije-WHO).…”
Section: !unclassified
“…3 Rano otkrivanje anemije i pravovremena primena odgovarajućeg lečenja usporavaju napredovanje srčane i bubrežne slabosti, smanjuju stopu morbiditeta i mortaliteta i popravljaju kvalitet života bolesnika sa kardio-renalnim sindromom. [1][2][3] De nicija i etiopatogeneza anemije u kardio-renalnom sindromu Kod bolesnika koji boluju od hronične slabosti srca anemija se de niše kao nivo hemoglobina manji od 130 g/L kod muškaraca i manji od 120 g/L kod žena (kriterijumi svetske zdravstvene organizacije-WHO). 3,4 Prevalencija anemije u hroničnoj srčanoj slabosti iznosi 30%, oko 50% bolesnika ima i hroničnu bolest bubrega (JGF< 60 ml/ min/1,73m2), 30% ima težak poremećaj funkcije bubrega (JGF < 30 ml/min/1,73m2), a 30-40% bolesnika ima anemiju, srčanu slabost i hroničnu bolest bubrega.…”
Section: !unclassified
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