Anemia and associated factors among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients attending public hospitals in Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundAnemia is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, therefore having a major impact on the overall health and survival of diabetic patients. However, there is a paucity of evidence of anemia among diabetic patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Harari Region. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients attending public hospitals in Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 25 to March 30, 2019. Probability proportion to size sampling, followed by simple random sampling, was utilized to select 374 T2DM patients. To collect the data, mixed methods were applied using questionnaires and checklist. Participants were tested for anemia based on World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Data was double entered to EpiData version 3.1 and exported into Stata version 14.0 for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted; Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed. Level of significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05.ResultsThe study revealed 34.8% of the participants were anemic (CI: 28.7, 40.9). Being male (AOR = 2.92, CI: 1.65, 5.17), physical inactivity (AOR = 2.58, CI: 1.50, 4.44), having nephropathy (AOR = 2.43, CI: 1.41, 4.21), poor glycemic control (AOR = 1.98, CI: 1.17, 3.34), recent history of blood loss (AOR = 4.41, CI: 1.26, 15.44) and duration of diabetes for five years and greater(AOR = 1.72, CI: 1.01, 2.96)were all significantly associated with anemia.ConclusionsAnemia was a major health problem among T2DM patients in the study area. Therefore, routine screening of anemia for all T2DM patients aiding in early identification and improved management of diabetes will lead to improved quality of life in this patient population.

Prevalence of Anaemia and Its Associated Factors among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital

“…Anaemia is more likely to occur in male patients compared to female patients. Similar finding have been reported in Ethiopia [ 13 ]. However, this finding was contraindicating with another study performed in Pakistan [ 12 ].…”

“…The current study demonstrated the prevalence of anaemia among T2DM patients in UOGCSH to be 8.06%. This number is lower than the finding of a hospital-based cross-sectional study performed in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia (34.8%), and northeast of the country (20.1%) [ 13 , 16 ]; this prevalence is also lower than previous studies in Iran (30.4%), India (18%), and Malaysia (39.4%) [ 17 – 19 ]. Such variations in the magnitude of anaemia among diabetic patients might be due to differences in the cutoff value used to measure it, sample size, and variations in the overall characteristics of the study area that could be related to the prevalence of anaemia among T2DM patients.…”

“…The required sample size of the study was determined using single population proportion formula by considering 34.8% prevalence rate of anaemia based on a previous study in people with diabetes in Ethiopia [ 13 ], Z = the level of statistical significance with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.96, and precision level of 0.05. Then, the minimum sample size obtained was 348.…”

“…Even though several studies have been conducted in different parts of the world on anaemia among T2DM patients, its magnitude varies among their findings up to 63% in Pakistan [ 12 ], 41.4% in Cameroon, 39.4% in Malaysia, 18% in India, 55.5% in Saudi, and 34.8% in Ethiopia [ 13 ]. Such a difference will make the understanding of the exact magnitude of anaemia among T2DM patients.…”

Anaemia and its associated factors among diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…patients. The minimum and maximum prevalence of anaemia were 8.06% and 34.8% in Gondar23 and Harari,27 respectively. The overall pooled prevalence of anaemia in DM patients using the random ef-Descriptive summary of 9 included studies on the prevalence of anaemia in DM patients in Ethiopia = 86.7% and 26.34% (95% CI: 9.77-42.90) I 2 = 95.9%, respectively.…”