Android Fat Depot Is More Closely Associated with Metabolic Syndrome than Abdominal Visceral Fat in Elderly People

Abstract

BackgroundFat accumulation in android compartments may confer increased metabolic risk. The incremental utility of measuring regional fat deposition in association with metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been well described particularly in an elderly population.Methods and FindingsAs part of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging, which is a community-based cohort study of people aged more than 65 years, subjects (287 male, 75.9±8.6 years and 278 female, 76.0±8.8 years) with regional body composition data using Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for android/gynoid area, computed tomography for visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT), and cardiometabolic markers including adiponectin and high-sensitivity CRP were enrolled. We investigated the relationship between regional body composition and MS in multivariate regression models. Mean VAT and SAT area was 131.4±65.5 cm2 and 126.9±55.2 cm2 in men (P = 0.045) and 120.0±46.7 cm2 and 211.8±65.9 cm2 in women (P<0.01). Mean android and gynoid fat amount was 1.8±0.8 kg and 2.5±0.8 kg in men and 2.0±0.6 kg and 3.3±0.8 kg in women, respectively (both P<0.01). VAT area and android fat amount was strongly correlated with most metabolic risk factors compared to SAT or gynoid fat. Furthermore, android fat amount was significantly associated with clustering of MS components after adjustment for multiple parameters including age, gender, adiponectin, hsCRP, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, whole body fat mass and VAT area.ConclusionsOur findings are consistent with the hypothesized role of android fat as a pathogenic fat depot in the MS. Measurement of android fat may provide a more complete understanding of metabolic risk associated with variations in fat distribution.

Arterial stiffness and ischemic stroke in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome

“…Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cerebral small-vessel disease results from abnormal flow pulsations into the brain microcirculation as an exposure to highly pulsate pressure and augmented flow, which exist in the carotid and vertebral arteries as a result of arterial stiffening, may thus lead to microvascular damage and eventually to stroke [11].…”

Distinct Developmental Profile of Lower-Body Adipose Tissue Defines Resistance Against Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications

“…Using DEXA-quantified fat mass, we provide further support for the protective nature of lower-body fat in a large healthy population-based cohort-the OBB. Earlier DEXA studies have generally been limited by small sample size (40) or have not been performed in relevant populations (children, elderly) (41,42). Our findings highlight the importance of correcting for overall adiposity when examining the relationship between lower-body fat and metabolic health; due to colinearity, gynoid fat mass per se was positively related to metabolic risk factors, but this was reversed by adjusting for TFM and may thus provide an explanation for conflicting results in the literature (42).…”

“…Earlier DEXA studies have generally been limited by small sample size (40) or have not been performed in relevant populations (children, elderly) (41,42). Our findings highlight the importance of correcting for overall adiposity when examining the relationship between lower-body fat and metabolic health; due to colinearity, gynoid fat mass per se was positively related to metabolic risk factors, but this was reversed by adjusting for TFM and may thus provide an explanation for conflicting results in the literature (42). The transcriptional profile of GSAT and ASAT differs markedly in obesity, with GSAT demonstrating a level of "resistance" to the proinflammatory and hypometabolic expression profile that accompanies obesity in ASAT.…”

The Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Depression and Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…More than 50% of the patients also have an android-like type of obesity. In this type of obesity, the accumulation of fat in the waist and abdomen is more likely to increase the risk of developing a metabolic syndrome (13). Obesity is known as one of the causes of depression in women for PCOS; however, research has also shown that depression in obese women with PCOS is greater than that of obese women without it (14).…”

“…Correa et al, (2015) reported the effect of CBT on the depression and anxiety of a 19-year-old girl suffering from PCOS (23). Therefore, considering the prevalence of depression (12,19,24) and obesity (1,2,13) in these patients and the necessity of preventive and therapeutic measures in this regard, as well as considering that based on searches conducted by the researcher, no study has been conducted in this field in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of counseling based on the cognitive behavioral therapy approach in these patients.…”