“…For instance, andrographolide alleviates oxidative stress and inflammation in arthritis [ 7 ], flavonoids promote bone repair in COM [ 8 ], and betulinic acid relieves synovial inflammation in arthritis [ 9 ]. Lonicera japonica (LJP) is a TCM that is widely used for the treatment of fever, carbuncle, and tumors, and so on; including COM, it significantly exhibits functions of antioxidation, antibacteria, anti-inflammation, and immunoregulation [ 7 , 10 , 11 ]. However, like other TCM, LJP possesses a synergistic effect and multipathway, multitarget, and multicomponent characteristics that produce indistinct mechanisms of action, uncertain substance bases, and other problems, which result in unclear molecular mechanisms for treating COM.…”