Androgenesis in Quercus Petraea, Fagus Sylvatica and Aesculus Hippocastanum

Influence of the sex of flowers on androgenesis in Aesculus hippocastanum L. anther culture

“…Anther culture has been described for Aesculus spp: Aesculus hippocastanum L., horse chestnut (Radojevic, 1991); A. Â carnea Hayne, red chestnut (Marinkovic and Radojevic, 1992); and A. parviflora (Radojevic, 1991). In the case of A. hippocastanum, plantlets were initially haploids (Radojevic, 1978;Jo Èrgensen, 1991), haploids and aneuploids of A. Â carnea (Marinkovic and Radojevic, 1992) and probably diploids of A. parviflora (Radojevic, 1991).…”

Factors controlling micropropagation of mature Fagus sylvatica

“…Lang & Kohlenbach (1988) isolated and cultured viable protoplasts from leaves of juvenile and mature Fagus sylvatica, which led only to the formation of microcalli. Joergensen (1988Joergensen ( , 1991 reported the development of embryos and shoots in anther cultures, but did not produce intact plants. Embryogenic cell suspension cultures and somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos by ¥ieitez et al (1992), but conversion of embryos into plantlets was low.…”

Embryogenesis in Quercus petraea

“…(Sasaki et al, 1988), Q petraea (Jörgensen, 1990), Q rubra (Gingas and Lineberger, 1989) and Q robur (Chalupa, 1990), somatic embryos were observed, but they are only of scientific interest, because they were induced on zygotic embryos, which means on genetically indefinite material. Only Feraud-Keller and Espagnac (1989) with Q ilex and Jörgensen (1988Jörgensen ( , 1990 with Q petraea could induce somatic embryogenesis with tissues of adult trees.…”