Androgen and psychosexual development: Core gender identity, sexual orientation, and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)

Abstract

Core gender identity, sexual orientation, and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Prenatal sex hormone effects on child and adult sex-typed behavior: methods and findings

“…In contrast to the differences in interests, aspects of personality, spatial ability, and sexuality, gender identity is typical in the vast majority of CAH females [72,[77][78][79][80]. It is unclear what accounts for gender dysphoria in a small minority of females with CAH, but androgens appear not to play a significant role: there is not a relation between gender identity and indicators of prenatal androgen levels.…”

“…As a group, they are more likely to be sexually attracted to women than are their unaffected sisters [72,77]. Nevertheless, a majority of women with CAH report themselves to be exclusively heterosexual, and it is unclear what differentiates them from the approximately one-third who are bisexual or homosexual.…”

“…Thus, compared to controls, CAH females are more interested in male-typical activities and less interested in female-typical activities in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, as measured by observation, self-report, and parent-report [55,[69][70][71][72]. The differences are large and, when multiple measures are used, there is very little overlap between females with CAH and control females.…”

Gender identity, gender assignment and reassignment in individuals with disorders of sex development: a major of dilemma

“…In addition, some studies reported a delay of sexual experiences, a reduced interest in sexual activities, lower maternalism, and a higher prevalence of bi-or homosexual orientation in women with CAH compared to the general female population [24,25,[121][122][123][124][125][126][127]. Moreover, it has been observed that girls with CAH who show the greatest alterations in childhood play behavior may be the most likely to develop a bisexual or homosexual orientation as adults [122] and that rates of bisexual and homosexual orientation were found to be correlated with the degree of prenatal androgenization [109] as well with genotype severity [128].…”

Hiperplasia adrenal congênita: estudo qualitativo sobre doença e tratamento, dúvidas, angústias e relacionamentos (parte I)

“…A combinação dessas alterações, que se manifestam desde o período intrauterino, é responsável pelo surgimento, ao nascimento, de um quadro clíni-co clássico na criança: genitália externa ambígua com vários graus de virilização (nas meninas) e macrogenitossomia (nos meninos), que podem ser acompanhadas por desidratação, arritmias cardíacas, choque e mesmo morte. Se o tratamento não for instituído precocemente, a exposição mantida ao excesso de andrógenos costuma resultar em manifestações adicionais, como aceleração da velocidade de crescimento, surgimento e crescimento de pelos no corpo (pubarca precoce), odor de padrão masculino, seborreia, acne, aumento da massa muscular e irritabilidade; com o tempo, poderão ocorrer alterações marcantes de tendência masculina (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), inclusive comportamentais, motivos pelos quais o diagnóstico deve ser firmado precocemente e o tratamento, iniciado sem demora.…”