Andreas Vesalius, the Predecessor of Neurosurgery: How his Progressive Scientific Achievements Affected his Professional Life and Destiny

Splavski, Bruno; Rotim, Krešimir; Lakičević, Goran; Gienapp, Andrew J.; Boop, Frederick A.; Arnautović, Kenan I.

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.008

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, like his contemporaries and in accordance with the prevailing notion, da Vinci was an avid follower of Galen and his theories which obviously influenced his understanding of human anatomy (Tubbs et al, 2018). Paduan anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564) who is often referred to as the Father of Modern Anatomy was an exponent of following empirical methods in anatomical studies and himself performed human dissection (Splavski et al, 2019). He realized that the best way to comprehend human anatomy was to dissect the human cadaver and noting findings directly (empirical method) (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Reinstatement Of Empirical Methods Involving Human Dissectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times

Ghosh

2021

The Anatomical Record

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Present day scenario regarding epistemological methods in anatomy is in sharp contrast to the situation during ancient period. This study aimed to explore the evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy across centuries. In ancient times Egyptian embalmers acquired anatomical knowledge from handling human bodies and likewise anatomical studies in India involved human dissection. Ancient Greeks used theological principles‐based methods, animal dissection and human dissection in practice of anatomy. Human dissection was also practiced in ancient China for gaining anatomical knowledge. Prohibition of human dissection led to use of animal dissection in ancient Rome and the trend continued in Europe through Middle Ages. Epistemological methods used by Muslim scholars during Middle Ages are not clearly chronicled. Human dissection returned as primary epistemological method in Renaissance Europe and empirical methods were reinstated after ancient period in human dissection during 16th century. The situation further improved with introduction of pragmatic experiment based approach during 17th century and autopsy‐based methods during 18th century. Advances in anatomical knowledge continued with advent of microscope‐based methods and emergence of anatomical sections in practice of human dissection in 19th century. Introduction of human observational studies, medical imaging, and molecular methods presented more options in terms of epistemological methods for investigating the human body during 20th century. Onset of 21st century has witnessed dominance of technology‐based methods in anatomy. Limited emphasis on ethics in epistemological methodologies since antiquity is a dark aspect of otherwise an eventful evolutionary journey but recent developments are in positive direction.

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Section: Reinstatement Of Empirical Methods Involving Human Dissectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times

Ghosh

2021

The Anatomical Record

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“…5,10 Because of the neuroanatomy volume, has considered the founder of modern neurosurgery. 17 It is possible to observe in the cerebral drawings of the Vesalius works that in the head cross sections, the cortical region is not detailed in the left and right cerebral hemispheres (LCH) and (RCH), respectively (Figures 4 and 5).…”

Section: Past and Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, modern histology, and their mentors

Ribeiro

Santos

Mota

et al. 2022

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Anatomy is a secular science that had contributions from great anatomists, mainly doctors. In the 16th century, modern anatomy emerged, and the studies of the physician and anatomist Andreas Vesalius, "father of modern anatomy", corrected the errors of his predecessors through human dissection and revolutionized the writing of anatomy with his work. Almost 200 years later, Marie François Xavier Bichat is "father of histology", contributed significantly to the description of tissues, expanding the studies of macroscopic anatomy to microscopic. In this article, the authors revisit the findings of anatomists notorious and their significant preliminary contributions to the current planning of surgical interventions.

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“…Rapidly, in the same atmosphere of all scientific progress, the works of the famous Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), the father of modern anatomy, appeared. They were based on a detailed knowledge of the human body acquired empirically by conducting numerous anatomical dissections 31 . Certainly, the most important of his endeavors was the epochal work from 1543 On the structure of the human body (Lat.…”

Section: Progenitors Of Neuroscience From the Renaissancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of the History of Global and Croatian Neurosurgery

Splavski

2023

J. appl. health sci. (Online)

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Neurosurgery is the oldest, but also the youngest medical discipline. Namely, archaeological findings confirm the existence of cranial bone trepanations in the Late Stone Age, while neurosurgery as a separate discipline was founded only at the beginning of the 20th century. Descriptions of head/spinal injuries, and trepanations, date back to ancient Egypt (Edwin Smith papyrus) and physicians like Hippocrates, the Alexandrian school, and Galen, who described his classification of cranial fractures, perfected trepanation and contributed to neuroanatomy and physiology. Unfortunately, with his disappearance, the study of the central nervous system ceased during the next millennium. Medieval contribution to neurosurgery is due to the work of Arab and Persian physicians (Albucasis, Avicenna), who collected, preserved, and improved the medical knowledge of ancient times, including neuroscience. With the arrival of the Renaissance in the early 16th century, significant advances in anatomy, medicine, surgery, and neuroscience began. Berengario da Carpi, Andreas Vesalius, and Ambroise Paré stood out as progenitors of this era. During the 19th century, at a time of progress in medicine and surgery, preconditions were created for more extensive and long-lasting neurosurgical procedures, while the era of modern neurosurgery began in the early 20th century with the pioneering activities of MacEwan, Horsley, Cushing, Elsberg, Dandy and many others. Further progress in neurosurgery was made through the use of an operating microscope, which from 1965 marked the era of modern microneurosurgery, founded by Yaşargil. The beginnings of neurosurgical activity in Croatia date back to the end of the 19th century when Theodor Wickerhauser published a record of the first craniotomy done in our country in 1886. In conclusion, modern neurosurgery as one of the most advanced medical professions is based on the achievements of its historical leaders, and on the cutting-edge diagnostic and surgical armamentaria, together with the superior neurosurgical service organization.

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Andreas Vesalius, the Predecessor of Neurosurgery: How his Progressive Scientific Achievements Affected his Professional Life and Destiny

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times

The evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy: From antiquity to modern times

Anatomy, modern histology, and their mentors

A Brief Review of the History of Global and Croatian Neurosurgery

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