Ancillary Studies in Evaluating Pediatric Brain Death

Henderson, Natalie; McDonald, Mary Kay

doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604015

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Cerebral angiography and radionuclide scanning are commonly used on infants as ancillary imaging tests. However, they can be challenging to perform when the patient needs to be transported from an intensive care unit [ 80 ]. The bedside imaging test to confirm cerebral circulatory arrest is Doppler ultrasonography, which is used to evaluate the blood flow in intracranial and extracranial arteries.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Evaluation of the Neonatal Brain

Plut,

Prutki,

Slak

2023

Children

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In recent years, advancements in technology have allowed the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasounds (CEUS) with high-frequency transducers, which in turn, led to new possibilities in diagnosing a variety of diseases and conditions in the field of radiology, including neonatal brain imaging. CEUSs overcome some of the limitations of conventional ultrasounds (US) and Doppler USs. It allows the visualization of dynamic perfusion even in the smallest vessels in the whole brain and allows the quantitative analysis of perfusion parameters. An increasing number of articles are published on the topic of the use of CEUSs on children each year. In the area of brain imaging, the CEUS has already proven to be useful in cases with clinical indications, such as hypoxic-ischemic injuries, stroke, intracranial hemorrhages, vascular anomalies, brain tumors, and infections. We present and discuss the basic principles of the CEUS and its safety considerations, the examination protocol for imaging the neonatal brain, and current and emerging clinical applications.

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Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Evaluation of the Neonatal Brain

Plut,

Prutki,

Slak

2023

Children

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“…Although positive diagnosis of brain death can be made by two separate settings of clinical examination, The American Neurological Association strongly suggest the use of EEG study to confirm the diagnosis of brain death. Hypothermia and hypotension should be avoided when applying EEG for brain death assessment [60]. Isoelectric encephalogram is confirmed when 30 minutes of EEG recording reveals complete absence of cerebral activity with sensitivity over 2 μV/mm in the absence of electrolyte disturbance and sedative medications (Figure 12) [61].…”

Section: Common Clinical Applications Of Eeg In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Electroencephalogram and Its Common Clinical Applications in Children

Jadah¹

2021

Electroencephalography - From Basic Research to Clinical Applications

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Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive neurophysiological study that monitors electrical activity of the brain. EEG is an essential investigational tool to analyze and record electrical impulses of the brain and considered to be the gold standard electrophysiological test which can be used to help diagnose epilepsy. EEG can also be used to diagnose and evaluate other conditions such as sleep disorders, neurometabolic diseases with encephalopathy and neuropsychiatric disorders. It is also an essential ancillary test in other conditions such as brain death assessment. However, it is essential not to entirely rely on EEG for an absolute diagnosis of epilepsy as the main indication of EEG in general and in Pediatric age group in particular is to categorize different types of seizure and epilepsy syndromes for further evaluation and management.

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“…Transcranial Doppler is useful because it is noninvasive and can be done at the bedside, being performed by an expert physician, such as a neurologist. In cases in which testing for neurologic determination of death is only partially performed, transcranial Doppler can demonstrate unequivocal evidence of BD/DNC if circulatory arrest is observed and can be repeated if BD/DNC is not confirmed initially . Recommendations for BD/DNC protocols should promote evaluation by more than 1 examiner and consider the role of brain blood flow ancillary testing to support this important diagnosis.…”

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confidence: 99%