Anatomy of the Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus on MR Imaging

Massey, Luke A.; Yousry, Tarek

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2009.10.001

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…63 As with all fMRI studies, the spatial resolution of fMRI is limited, resulting in difficulties differentiating small brainstem structures like subthalamic nucleus from nearby structures like substantia nigra. 64 To increase confidence that the midbrain structure differentially activating in migraine was within subthalamic nucleus, we carefully visualized the region on T2-weighted scans, determined the region coordinates corresponding with the maximum z-stat, and used these coordinates to name the region according to the Talairach atlas. Since this is not a longitudinal study, it is impossible to determine if fMRI findings are secondary to recurrent migraines or if they represent an underlying brain predisposition to migraine symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced pain-induced activity of pain-processing regions in a case-control study of episodic migraine

et al. 2014

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Objective To identify brain regions having aberrant pain-induced activation in migraineurs, thereby gaining insight into particular aspects of pain processing that are atypical in migraineurs. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging assessed whole brain responses to painful heat in 24 adult episodic migraineurs who were at least 48 hours pain free and 27 healthy controls. Regions differentially activated in migraineurs compared to controls were identified. Activation intensities in these regions were correlated with headache frequency, number of migraine years, and time to next migraine attack. Results Migraineurs had greater pain-induced activation of lentiform nucleus, fusiform gyrus, subthalamic nucleus, hippocampus, middle cingulate cortex, premotor cortex, somatosensory cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and less activation in precentral gyrus and superior temporal gyrus. There were significant correlations between activation strength and headache frequency for middle cingulate (r=0.627, p=.001), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (r=.568, p=.004), left fusiform gyrus (r=0.487, p=.016), left precentral gyrus (r=.415, p=.044), and left hippocampus (r=0.404, p=.050) and with number of migraine years for left fusiform gyrus (r=0.425, p=.038). There were no significant correlations between activation strength and time to next migraine attack. Conclusions The majority of regions with enhanced pain-induced activation in headache-free migraineurs participate in cognitive aspects of pain perception such as attending to pain and pain memory. Enhanced cognitive pain processing by migraineurs might reflect cerebral hypersensitivity related to high expectations and hypervigilance for pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced pain-induced activity of pain-processing regions in a case-control study of episodic migraine

et al. 2014

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“…The anatomy of the SN on conventional MRI is not well defined (Adachi et al, 1999, Gorell et al, 1995, Martin et al, 2008, Savoiardo et al, 1994, Massey and Yousry, 2010). However, using high field MRI the SN is more clearly demarcated (Cho et al, 2011, Kwon et al, 2012), and nigrosome 1 is visible in the dorsolateral substantia nigra (Blazejewska et al, 2013) as the “swallow tail sign” which is lost in Parkinson's disease (Schwarz et al, 2014) and other parkinsonian conditions (Reiter et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

9.4 T MR microscopy of the substantia nigra with pathological validation in controls and disease

Massey

Miranda

Al-Helli³

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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BackgroundThe anatomy of the substantia nigra on conventional MRI is controversial. Even using histological techniques it is difficult to delineate with certainty from surrounding structures. We sought to define the anatomy of the SN using high field spin-echo MRI of pathological material in which we could study the anatomy in detail to corroborate our MRI findings in controls and Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy.Methods23 brains were selected from the Queen Square Brain Bank (10 controls, 8 progressive supranuclear palsy, 5 Parkinson's disease) and imaged using high field 9.4 Tesla spin-echo MRI. Subsequently brains were cut and stained with Luxol fast blue, Perls stain, and immunohistochemistry for substance P and calbindin. Once the anatomy was defined on histology the dimensions and volume of the substantia nigra were determined on high field magnetic resonance images.ResultsThe anterior border of the substantia nigra was defined by the crus cerebri. In the medial half it was less distinct due to the deposition of iron and the interdigitation of white matter and the substantia nigra. The posterior border was flanked by white matter bridging the red nucleus and substantia nigra and seen as hypointense on spin-echo magnetic resonance images. Within the substantia nigra high signal structures corresponded to confirmed nigrosomes. These were still evident in Parkinson's disease but not in progressive supranuclear palsy. The volume and dimensions of the substantia nigra were similar in Parkinson's disease and controls, but reduced in progressive supranuclear palsy.ConclusionsWe present a histologically validated anatomical description of the substantia nigra on high field spin-echo high resolution magnetic resonance images and were able to delineate all five nigrosomes. In accordance with the pathological literature we did not observe changes in the nigrosome structure as manifest by volume or signal characteristics within the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease whereas in progressive supranuclear palsy there was microarchitectural destruction.

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“…Autopsy studies revealed a strong correlation between the iron concentration and QSM-measured susceptibility in the deep gray matter [31] and QSM can be used to measure nigral iron accumulation in PD [32–34]. However, it can be difficult to identify the SN pars compacta on MRI scans [13, 35] and nigral iron measurements are easily contaminated by the adjacent subthalamic nucleus [35–38]. Consequently, the asymmetry and spatial difference in the accumulation of iron in the SN of PD patients have not been fully evaluated with QSM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral Asymmetry and Spatial Difference of Iron Deposition in the Substantia Nigra of Patients with Parkinson Disease Measured with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

Azuma¹,

Hirai

Yamada³

et al. 2016

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Anatomy of the Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus on MR Imaging

Cited by 46 publications

References 120 publications

Enhanced pain-induced activity of pain-processing regions in a case-control study of episodic migraine

Enhanced pain-induced activity of pain-processing regions in a case-control study of episodic migraine

9.4 T MR microscopy of the substantia nigra with pathological validation in controls and disease

Lateral Asymmetry and Spatial Difference of Iron Deposition in the Substantia Nigra of Patients with Parkinson Disease Measured with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping

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