Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System

Goldstein, Barry

doi:10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30066-4

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Drosophila sensory neurons comprise a major part of the larval hematopoietic niche, suggesting an interface that could link innocuous or noxious stimuli with blood cell homeostasis and immune responses. It will be interesting to investigate further whether, in vertebrates, sensory innervation in the proximity of tissue macrophages 129 and in microenvironments of HSCs in the bone marrow and lymph nodes 118 , 119 , 130 serve similar functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of blood cells and the nervous system

Makhijani

Brückner

2012

Fly

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Hematopoiesis is well-conserved between Drosophila and vertebrates. Similar as in vertebrates, the sites of hematopoiesis shift during Drosophila development. Blood cells (hemocytes) originate de novo during hematopoietic waves in the embryo and in the Drosophila lymph gland. In contrast, the hematopoietic wave in the larva is based on the colonization of resident hematopoietic sites by differentiated hemocytes that arise in the embryo, much like in vertebrates the colonization of peripheral tissues by primitive macrophages of the yolk sac, or the seeding of fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. At the transition to the larval stage, Drosophila embryonic hemocytes retreat to hematopoietic “niches,” i.e., segmentally repeated hematopoietic pockets of the larval body wall that are jointly shared with sensory neurons and other cells of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Hemocytes rely on the PNS for their localization and survival, and are induced to proliferate in these microenvironments, expanding to form the larval hematopoietic system. In this process, differentiated hemocytes from the embryo resume proliferation and self-renew, omitting the need for an undifferentiated prohemocyte progenitor. Larval hematopoiesis is the first Drosophila model for blood cell colonization and niche support by the PNS. It suggests an interface where innocuous or noxious sensory inputs regulate blood cell homeostasis or immune responses. The system adds to the growing concept of nervous system dependence of hematopoietic microenvironments and organ stem cell niches, which is being uncovered across phyla.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Of blood cells and the nervous system

Makhijani

Brückner

2012

Fly

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“…The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises all the parts of the nervous system that are outside the brain and spinal cord. The PNS includes motor, sensory and autonomic neurons of spinal and cranial nerves, as well as roots, trunks, ganglia and plexus [3]. This system represents the way for the relay of sensory and motor impulses between the central nervous system (CNS) and the body surface, internal organs, smooth and skeletal muscles.…”

Section: The Anatomy Of Peripheral Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of exercise on peripheral nerve regeneration: from animal model to clinical application

Maugeri

D’Agata

Trovato

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…Finally, nerves can be classified based on their cellular origin [ 2 ]. Those that originate in the spinal column or brain stem are known as the central nervous system or the pre-ganglion neuron series.…”

Section: Overview Of Tumor-nerves Interactions’ Main Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neural bodies that are in close proximity to the tumors (such as post-ganglion neural series) can rapidly be influenced by, respond to, or influence the tumor microenvironment. The tumor micro-environment is also influenced by the sensory nerves which normally provide information to the central nervous system (CNS) [ 2 ]. Therefore, nerve tissue supports the growth and progression of cancer as well as providing a means for cancer to metastasize [ 5 , 15 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Tumor-nerves Interactions’ Main Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Many Voices in a Choir: Tumor-Induced Neurogenesis and Neuronal Driven Alternative Splicing Sound Like Suspects in Tumor Growth and Dissemination

Dlamini

Mathabe

Padayachy

et al. 2021

Cancers

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During development, as tissues expand and grow, they require circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous system expansion for proper function and support. Similarly, as tumors arise and develop, they also require the expansion of these systems to support them. While the contribution of blood and lymphatic systems to the development and progression of cancer is well known and is targeted with anticancer drugs, the contribution of the nervous system is less well studied and understood. Recent studies have shown that the interaction between neurons and a tumor are bilateral and promote metastasis on one hand, and the formation of new nerve structures (neoneurogenesis) on the other. Substances such as neurotransmitters and neurotrophins being the main actors in such interplay, it seems reasonable to expect that alternative splicing and the different populations of protein isoforms can affect tumor-derived neurogenesis. Here, we report the different, documented ways in which neurons contribute to the development and progression of cancer and investigate what is currently known regarding cancer-neuronal interaction in several specific cancer types. Furthermore, we discuss the incidence of alternative splicing that have been identified as playing a role in tumor-induced neoneurogenesis, cancer development and progression. Several examples of changes in alternative splicing that give rise to different isoforms in nerve tissue that support cancer progression, growth and development have also been investigated. Finally, we discuss the potential of our knowledge in alternative splicing to improve tumor diagnosis and treatment.

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Anatomy of the Peripheral Nervous System

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Of blood cells and the nervous system

Of blood cells and the nervous system

The role of exercise on peripheral nerve regeneration: from animal model to clinical application

Many Voices in a Choir: Tumor-Induced Neurogenesis and Neuronal Driven Alternative Splicing Sound Like Suspects in Tumor Growth and Dissemination

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