“…Specifically, we found that individuals from the Arctic Circle possess superoinferiorly and mediolaterally larger turbinates than those from Equatorial Africa—a finding consistent with our hypothesis that the Arctic sample would exhibit enlarged turbinates to increase the relative mucosal surface areas of their nasal cavities compared to the African sample. Thus, although humans possess relatively simple turbinates compared to most other mammals (Hillenius, ; Smith, Eiting, & Bhatnagar, ), our results indicate that humans follow a similar pattern of geographically‐mediated inferior turbinate morphology that is generally attributed to climatic and thermoregulatory pressures in other mammalian taxa (Green et al, ; Schmidt‐Nielsen et al, ; Van Valkenburgh et al, ; Yokley, ). Accordingly, this study demonstrates that, in addition to the encapsulating bony walls of the nasal cavity (Bastir et al, ; Butaric & Klocke, ; Franciscus, ; Fukase et al, ; Holton et al, ; Maddux et al, ; Noback et al, ; Yokley, ), the inferior nasal turbinates also contribute to an overall pattern of ecogeographic variation within the human nasal complex.…”