Anatomy of the Eustachian Tube

Leuwer, R.

doi:10.1016/j.otc.2016.05.002

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“… 15 The average length ranges between 31 and 38 mm in adults. 11 Anatomically, the Eustachian tube is divided into osseous, junctional, and cartilaginous portions, with the osseous portion being nearest the middle ear and the cartilaginous portion running between the greater wing of the sphenoid and the petrous portion of the temporal bone. 15 The cartilage provides structural support to the Eustachian tube, while still allowing mobility, 13 and its function is intimately related to the structure, composition, and attachment of the cartilage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 10 The tube consists of two parts: the bony part, which is mainly formed by the petrous part of the temporal bone, and the fibrocartilaginous part that is attached to the base of the skull via suspensory ligaments. 11 The main functions of the Eustachian tube are to equalize atmospheric pressure in the middle ear, particularly during activities such as swallowing. It also allows the mucociliary clearance of the middle ear, and protects the ear from undesirable sound.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Rare finding of Eustachian tube calcifications with cone-beam computed tomography

Syed¹,

Hawkins²,

Alluri³

et al. 2017

Imaging Sci Dent

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Soft tissue calcification is a pathological condition in which calcium and phosphate salts are deposited in the soft tissue organic matrix. This study presents an unusual calcification noted in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. A 67-year-old woman presented for dental treatment, specifically for implant placement, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed. The CBCT scan was reviewed by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist and revealed incidental findings of 2 distinct calcifications in the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube. To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has reported the diagnosis of Eustachian tube calcification using CBCT. This report describes an uncommon variant of Eustachian tube calcification, which has a significant didactic value because such cases are seldom illustrated either in textbooks or in the literature. This case once again underscores the importance of having CBCT scans evaluated by a board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologist.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare finding of Eustachian tube calcifications with cone-beam computed tomography

Syed¹,

Hawkins²,

Alluri³

et al. 2017

Imaging Sci Dent

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show abstract

“…The Eustachian tube is an extended part of the upper respiratory tract, which connects the middle ear space and the nasopharynx 1 . As the only route for ventilating air spaces in the middle ear and mastoid cavity, the complex valve function of the Eustachian tube plays an important role in maintaining middle ear homeostasis, that is, air pressure equalization between the middle ear cavity and atmosphere, middle ear oxygenation, draining of secretions from the middle ear, and protection of the middle ear from retrograde infections 2 , 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proximal one-third—the osseous portion—is a funnel-shaped bony extension of the middle ear cleft. The distal two-thirds—the pharyngeal part—consists of a cartilaginous skeleton attached to several tubal muscles capable of dynamic movements 1 . By autonomically controlling the peritubal muscles, the Eustachian tube opens and closes to ventilate and protect the middle ear cavity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization potential of intraluminal optical coherence tomography for the Eustachian tube

Byun

Kim

Xing

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Imaging the Eustachian tube is challenging because of its complex anatomy and limited accessibility. This study fabricated a fiber-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter and investigated its potential for assessing the Eustachian tube anatomy. A customized OCT system and an imaging catheter, termed the Eustachian OCT, were developed for visualizing the Eustachian tube. Three male swine cadaver heads were used to study OCT image acquisition and for subsequent histologic correlation. The imaging catheter was introduced through the nasopharyngeal opening and reached toward the middle ear. The OCT images were acquired from the superior to the nasopharyngeal opening before and after Eustachian tube balloon dilatation. The histological anatomy of the Eustachian tube was compared with corresponding OCT images, The new, Eustachian OCT catheter was successfully inserted in the tubal lumen without damage. Cross-sectional images of the tube were successfully obtained, and the margins of the anatomical structures including cartilage, mucosa lining, and fat could be successfully delineated. After balloon dilatation, the expansion of the cross-sectional area could be identified from the OCT images. Using the OCT technique to assess the Eustachian tube anatomy was shown to be feasible, and the fabricated OCT image catheter was determined to be suitable for Eustachian tube assessment.

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“…This is followed by use of various graft materials like pig's bladder, Thiersch skin graft, Split-skin graft, Pedicle graft from ear canal skin, temporalis fascia graft, vein graft, sclera, corneal graft, tympanic membrane homograft and perichondrium. [3][4][5] The most widely used and accepted method for tympanoplasty is the underlay graft of temporalis fascia or sometimes perichondrium. Cartilage has also become increasingly popular as a graft material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tragal perichondrium as graft material in tympanoplasty: our experience

Pathak

Nayak

Tyagi

et al. 2021

Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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Background: It has been defined as a permanent abnormality of pars tensa or flaccida, as a result of acute otitis media, negative middle ear pressure or otitis media with effusion. It manifests clinically as ear discharge and decreased hearing and may lead to numerous changes in the tympanic membrane, middle ear cleft, and mastoid air cell system. It has been classified into two types: mucosal and squamosal types. Chronic otitis media (COM) is a very common condition in developing countries in both adult and paediatric age groups. This study has been conducted to determine the outcome and graft uptake of tragal perichondrium in type 1 tympanoplasty.Methods: The prospective analytical study was conducted department of otorhinolaryngology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India over a period of 12months from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. 30 patients according to inclusion criterion underwent tympanolpasty using tragal perichondrium were included in study. The data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), version 21.0. P value less than 0.05 was taken as statically significant. Results: Preoperative mean hearing loss was 38.45±7.01 dB, mean air bone gap was 20.20±3.75 dB, and postoperative air bone gap was reduced to an average of 10.86±3.82 dB. 8.51 dB of hearing gain was achieved and an air bone gap réduction of 8.51 dB was observed.Conclusions: Our study concluded tragal perichondrium is a suitable graft material is n mucosal type of COM.

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Anatomy of the Eustachian Tube

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Rare finding of Eustachian tube calcifications with cone-beam computed tomography

Rare finding of Eustachian tube calcifications with cone-beam computed tomography

Utilization potential of intraluminal optical coherence tomography for the Eustachian tube

Tragal perichondrium as graft material in tympanoplasty: our experience

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