Anatomy, histology, development and functions of <i>Ossa cordis</i>: A review

Best, Adam S.; Egerbacher, Monika; Swaine, Sophia; Pérez, William; Alibhai, Aziza; Rutland, Paul; Kubale, Valentina; El‐Gendy, Samir; Alsafy, Mohamed; Baiker, Kerstin; Sturrock, Craig J.

doi:10.1111/ahe.12861

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…It is of interest that Ossa cordis have not yet been reported, despite extensive cardiac explorations, in the closely related alpaca ( Vicugna pacos ) and llama (Lama glama), which also resides in the Artiodactyla order, Tylopoda suborder, within the Camelidae family (Mattoon et al, 2001 ; Perez et al, 2018 ). This is especially interesting given that the Old World camels and New World camels generally have hearts more similar to each other than Ruminantia , yet many ruminants have Ossa cordis (Best et al, 2022 ; Perez et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ossa cordis can expand into the trigone(s) between the atrioventricular openings and therefore the aortic opening. Previous work in differing species has shown that Ossa cordis dextrum are more common, and are usually larger, than those on the left (Best et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A comprehensive review of all species and potential functions is available (Best et al). The exact functions of Ossa cordis are still debated; however, they may help provide structure and support, and may assist with electrical conduction in the heart (Best et al, 2022 ). In the chimpanzee the presence of Ossa cordis or Cartilago cordis was linked to disease progression and age, indeed age is a contributing factor in a number of species including sheep and otters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ossa cordis and os aorta in the one‐humped camel: Computed tomography, light microscopy and morphometric analysis

El‐Gendy

Alsafy

Elarab

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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The present study describes the morphological characteristics of the camel heart Ossa cordis, and os aorta using computed tomography soft tissue window (CT) alongside 3D render volume reconstructions and light microscopy. The current study techniques demonstrated the Ossa cordis and os aorta in the cardiac window with more precision than the black and white (ghost), and angiography images. Transverse and sagittal CT images additionally demonstrated the presence of Ossa cordis and os aorta. This study is the first to record two small Ossa cordis sinistrum and one os aorta in the camel heart, in addition to the more commonly observed singular, large, os cordis dextrum. The os cordis dextrum was always located in the upper part of the interventricular septum, near to its junction with the atrium, forming an elongated rectangular shape when observed transversally. The wider cranial part was composed from bone, whereas the caudal aspect was narrow and contained both bone and cartilage. Light microscopy identified that the os cordis dextrum consisted of trabecular bone, marrow spaces, and hyaline cartilage.Two Ossa cordis sinistrum were detected on the left side of the heart, one in the right fibrous ring and another in the interventricular septum, microscopy showed that both contained only trabecular bone with osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. At the level of ascending aorta, there was also trabecular bone containing osteocytes, an os aorta.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ossa cordis and os aorta in the one‐humped camel: Computed tomography, light microscopy and morphometric analysis

El‐Gendy

Alsafy

Elarab

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…У хижаків домінує кулеподібна або конусовидно-еліпсоподібна форми. Згідно літературних джерел, у собаки, залежно від їх породних властивостей, зустрічається еліпсоподібна (43 %), конусоеліпсоподібна (24 %), еліпсо-куляста (26 %) та куляста (7 %) форми (Gómez-Torres et al, 2021;Best et al, 2022).…”

Section: результати та їх обговоренняunclassified

Anatomical and morphological features of the heart of a domestic dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

Ragulya,

Goralskyi,

Sokulskyi

et al. 2024

SMLNUVMB

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Cardiovascular organopathology in dogs occurs quite often, but is not fully diagnosed. The occurrence of cardiovascular pathology is due to inadequate physical activity, infectious diseases, injuries, blood loss, diseases of the lungs and other systems, hereditary factors, etc. It is known that prevention, diagnosis, surgical intervention and treatment of these pathologies are impossible without knowledge of the morpho-functional parameters of anatomy, histology and physiology. The cardiovascular system in mammals performs vital functions, ensuring the vital activity of the animal and human body. The cardiovascular system is very plastic in relation to the morpho-functional relationship and has not only pronounced hereditary individual traits, but also the ability to quickly adapt to the changing conditions of the organism's existence. It is one of the first to respond to various natural and anthropogenic factors of the environment and physical stress. The study of the cardiovascular system is an urgent issue today. The aim of the study was to study the morphological assessment of macro- and microstructures of the heart of a sexually mature domestic dog (n = 5), class – Mammalia, species – wolf (Canis lupus), subspecies – domestic dog (Canis familiaris). The completed work is a fragment of the scientific topic of the scientific research work of the Department of Normal and Pathological Morphology, Hygiene and Expertise of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Polish National University on the topic: “Development, morphology and histochemistry of animal organs in normal and pathological conditions”, according to state registration number No. 0113V000900 and scientific topics: “Features of the morphology of the heart of domestic mammals”, state registration No. 0121U108884. For the work, complex morphological research methods were used: anatomical, histological, organo-, histo- and cytometric, statistical, thanks to which new data on the peculiarities of the macro-, histo- and cytomorphometric characteristics of the morphological structures of the heart in the studied animals were presented. The dog's heart has a rounded shape, its absolute weight is 167.58 ± 9.46 g (without epicardial fat – 154.22 ± 8.04 g), relative weight is 0.72 ± 0.005 %. It was established that the microscopic structure of the ventricles and atria of the dog's heart differ by cytometric indicators, depending on their morphofunctional load. Thus, cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle have the largest volume – 2941.76 ± 127.44 μm3, the right one has a smaller volume – 2237.24 ± 103.02 μm3, and the cardiomyocytes of the atria have the smallest volume – 1496.92±98.02 μm3. The volume of the nuclei of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle is 64.58 ± 5.09 μm3, of the right ventricle – 59.97 ± 5.83 μm3, the volume of cardiomyocytes of the atria is correspondingly smaller – 53.06 ± 6.02 μm3. At the same time, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle is equal to 0.0224±0.0076, cardiomyocytes of the right ventricle are more important – 0.0275 ± 0.0081, and cardiomyocytes of the atria are the most important – 0.0367 ± 0.0105. We associate such ambiguous cytometric parameters of cardiomyocytes with the morphofunctional activity of the ventricles and the functional features of this myocardial tissue, which is capable of spontaneous rhythmic contractions, as a result of which blood moves through a closed vascular system. Information on the morphology of the heart of a domestic dog, including the results of the study of the macro- and microscopic structure of the studied organs, which are presented in the publication, are of great importance for histology and comparative anatomy, and also make a significant contribution to clinical veterinary medicine.

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Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis

Alsafy,

El-Gendy,

Atkinson

et al. 2024

Microscopy and Microanalysis

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Ossa cordis, bones located within the heart trigones, are often classified as heterotopic or ectopic bones. Despite their high prevalence in cattle and some other bovids, little is known about their structure or development. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography, gross dissections, and measurements showed the anatomical locations, prevalence, shapes, and measurements of the cardiac bones in both Egyptian Baladi cattle and Holstein-Friesians. All cattle (n = 12) had an Ossa cordis dextrum (average = 50.70 × 20.91 × 5.40 mm). Additionally, 80% Egyptian Baladi and 57% Holstein-Friesian had a smaller Ossa cordis sinistrum (average = 24.94 × 12.75 × 4.12 mm). Egyptian Baladi Ossa cordis were smaller than observed in Holstein-Friesians. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis showed the elemental constitution (carbon, oxygen, calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium, and magnesium) of Ossa cordis and Cartilago cordis. These imaging techniques, plus four histological stains (hematoxylin and eosin, Crossman's trichrome, Alcian blue with Van Gieson, and Sirius Red) and microscopy, demonstrated osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, astrocytes, blood vessels, bone marrow, lamellar and woven bone, cortical bone, trabeculations with pores and canaliculi, and fibrous components including collagen in the Ossa cordis dextrum and sinistrum. Hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage (chondrocytes and cartilage matrix) were found within and surrounding the Ossa cordis. These findings were additionally compared against other cattle breeds and species.

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Anatomy, histology, development and functions of Ossa cordis: A review

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Ossa cordis and os aorta in the one‐humped camel: Computed tomography, light microscopy and morphometric analysis

Ossa cordis and os aorta in the one‐humped camel: Computed tomography, light microscopy and morphometric analysis

Anatomical and morphological features of the heart of a domestic dog (Canis Lupus Familiaris L., 1758)

Novel Insights Into the Architecture of Macro and Microstructures in Cattle Ossa Cordis

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