Anatomically dependent anticonvulsant properties of temporally-coded electrical stimulation

Abstract

In the PTZ animal model of epilepsy, electrical stimulation applied to the amygdaloid complex may result in either pro-convulsive or anticonvulsant effect, depending on the temporal pattern used (i.e. periodic-PS and non-periodic-NPS electrical stimulation). Our hypothesis is that the anatomical target is a determinant factor for the differential effect of temporally-coded patterns on seizure outcome. The threshold dose of PTZ to elicit forelimb clonus and generalized tonic-clonic seizure behavior was measured. The effect of amygdaloid complex PS on forelimb clonus threshold showed a pro-convulsive effect while NPS was anticonvulsant. NPS also significantly increased generalized tonic-clonic threshold; while PS, although at lower threshold levels, did not present statistical significance. Thalamus stimulation did not affect forelimb clonus threshold and showed similar anticonvulsant profiles for both PS and NPS on generalized tonic-clonic threshold. In summary, the anatomical target is a determinant factor on whether temporally-coded ES differentially modulates seizure outcome.

Rapid brief feedback intracerebral stimulation based on real‐time desynchronization detection preceding seizures stops the generation of convulsive paroxysms

“…Other forms of nonperiodic stimuli have been used. For example, 21% of seizures were annihilated by single DC pulses; and increase of generalized tonic–clonic threshold and desynchronization of abnormal seizure state formation were demonstrated using 4 Hz nonperiodic electrical stimulation …”

“…For example, 21% of seizures were annihilated by single DC pulses 45 ; and increase of generalized tonic-clonic threshold and desynchronization of abnormal seizure state formation were demonstrated using 4 Hz nonperiodic electrical stimulation. [46][47][48] Recently, optogenetics method reported a 29.6% reduction in convulsive seizures after KA injection. 4 One advantage of optogenetic techniques is that a more precise stimulation can be achieved as it depends on where the responsive cells are located; however, these techniques rely on nontrivial genetic manipulations.…”

SaBer DBS: A fully programmable, rechargeable, bilateral, charge-balanced preclinical microstimulator for long-term neural stimulation

“…However there is evidence to suggest that the temporal pattern of the pulses may yield different effects; pulses with a pseudo-random interpulse interval achieve different results than evenly spaced pulses with the same mean frequency (Cota et al, 2009; Quinkert et al, 2010; Medeiros et al, 2012). The device described here is not yet capable of temporal patterning since it is designed to best mirror current clinical practice.…”

“…These waveform parameters may then be applied in multiple electrode contact configurations (contact selection and polarity). While these parameters cover the scope of current DBS applications it is worth considering that this parameter space may be extended to include; the temporal pattern of stimulation (Cota et al, 2009; Quinkert et al, 2010; Medeiros et al, 2012), the duration for which it is delivered (Ewing and Grace, 2012) and the waveform shape.…”

The epileptic amygdala: Toward the development of a neural prosthesis by temporally coded electrical stimulation

“…When applied to the right basolateral amygdala, NPS was once again effective in increasing PTZ threshold to both forelimb myoclonus and GTCS, whereas PS decreased PTZ threshold to forelimb myoclonus. In the thalamically stimulated group, both NPS and PS increased PTZ threshold to GTCS, although neither patterns had an effect on forelimb myoclonus (Medeiros et al, ).…”