Anatomical Variations of the Common Carotid Artery Bifurcations in Relation to the Cervical Vertebrae in Ethiopia

Dh, Woldeyes

doi:10.4172/2161-0940.1000143

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the finding is consistent with a previous study comprising people of the same region (North-Eastern Thai), with the most common sites at C3 [23] (Table 6). The result was also consistent with other previous cadaveric carotid studies conducted in Japanese [24], Turkish [25], Indian [26], Kenyan [27], and Ethiopian [28] populations (Table 6). This indicates that the phenomenon might be more common than initially considered and probably is not restricted to a single population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is low carotid bifurcation determined by vertebral level always convenient for surgical approach?

Amarttayakong,

Munkong

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Although high-level carotid bifurcation (HCB) could lead to notable surgical difficulty, the definitive reference point for HCB is unclear. HCB is typically characterized as carotid bifurcation (CB) located higher than the level of the third cervical vertebra (C), however, a major obstacle regarding carotid artery surgical exposure is angle of the mandible (AM). The objective of this study was to investigate CB level, define HCB in relation to AM and vertebral levels, and measure the vertical distance from HCB to ipsilateral AM. Moreover, the percentage of surgically challenged CBs, misclassified as low CBs (LCB) based on vertebral level, was investigated. Patients who underwent neck computed tomography angiography were retrospectively studied. HCBs were classified into two categories: CBs above the C3 and either at or above the ipsilateral AM. Of 172 CBs (86 patients; 57 men, 29 women), CB was mostly found at C3 (44.19%), whereas AM was commonly located at C2 (51.16%). Based on vertebral level and AM, HCBs were detected in 10.47% and 20.35% of CBs, respectively. The association of HCBs determined by either C3 or AM between both sides in each individual was nonsignificant (p>0.05), but HCBs determined by C3 level were predominant in women (OR = 3.58, 95%CI = 1.31–9.80). Considering both C3 and AM, there was 8.72% of HCBs. The remaining 91.28% was classified as LCBs, including 11.63% of CBs located at both C3 and AM which were actually classified as HCBs if determined by AM. In cases of CBs above AM level, the mean vertical distance was as high as 6.56 ±2.41mm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is low carotid bifurcation determined by vertebral level always convenient for surgical approach?

Amarttayakong,

Munkong

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…In the present study, high-level and low-level bifurcation is noted in 36% and 56% of CT images, respectively. Similarly, many studies were done in cadaver and CT images, 24.75% [26], 48.3, 5% [28], 63.8%, 13.75% [31], 42%, 1% [33], 8%, 5% [35], 37.5% [36], and 46.5%, 42.3% [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Study and Branching Patterns of External Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomography Angiography Among the South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

Sasikumar¹,

Vijayalakshmi²,

Raghunath³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Introduction:The prime source of vascularization to the head and neck region is through the carotid arteries. The terminal branches of common carotid arteries, such as external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA), and their branches are crucial due to the wide area of distribution and variations in their branching pattern. The branching pattern and morphometry are essential for surgeons in the planning and execution of head and neck surgeries. Therefore, this study was conducted to observe the branching patterns of ECA and analyze them morphometrically.Materials and methods: This retrospective study includes 100 CT images, inclusive of 32 females and 68 males. The branching pattern and luminal diameter of CCA and ECA were measured and analyzed statistically.Results: The luminal diameter of CCA in males were as follows: 7.4 ± 1.01 (R), 7.1 ± 0.8 (L), and in females: 7.3 ± 0.9 (R), 7 ± 0.9mm (L); and the luminal diameter of ECA in males: 5.2 ± 1.0mm (R), 5.2 ± 0.9mm (L), and in females: 5.0 ± 0.9mm (R), 5.1 ± 1.0mm (L). The level of the carotid bifurcation and ECA branching pattern was observed, and variations were commonly seen in the superior thyroid artery (STA), lingual artery (LA), and facial artery (FA). Conclusion:The findings of the present study with regard to the external carotid artery and its branching pattern correlate with previous studies. The most common variations were observed in the superior thyroid and lingual and facial arteries. Knowledge about the morphology and branching pattern of the carotid artery is essential for procedures such as intra-arterial chemotherapy, carotid artery stenting, endarterectomy, and extra-intra cranial bypass revascularization procedure where it is harvested as a donor's vessel.

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“…The thyroid cartilage is situated at the C4 and C5 level, aids as a noticeable anatomical landmark for surgical procedures (12). The bifurcation of CCA can occur as high at the level of hyoid bone or even at the level of styloid process, or low at the cricoid cartilage (13).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cadaveric study on variation in branching pattern of common carotid artery

Sharma

2022

Jaffna Med. J.

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Carotid arterial system are vessels of head and neck region. Comprehensive understanding on its branching configuration is of considerable importance to avoid accidental injury during surgical interventions. Common carotid artery (CCA) usually bifurcates into external carotid artery (ECA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) at level of upper border of thyroid cartilage. Normally ECA lies anteromedial to ICA at its commencement and provides branches, but ICA does not provide any branches in neck. In this case, right CCA bifurcated above cricoid cartilage and divided into two branches of equal diameter in a middle-aged female cadaver. Medial one does not provide any branch and it appeared pale. It continued upward, entered carotid canal and it was confirmed as ICA. The ECA was found lateral to right ICA both in its origin and course. ECA provided lingual, facial and occipital branches. Superior thyroid artery was not identified, and it might be accidently damaged during dissection. It was noticed ECA was a content of carotid sheath. Vagus nerve first found between IJV and CCA and subsequently located between IJV and ECA. Third aortic arch contributed to development of CCA, leading part of ICA and entire part of ECA. Remaining part of ICA was developed from cranial portion of dorsal aorta. Therefore, any embryological deficiency in third aortic arch, dorsal aorta or changes inside of origin of ECA may lead to alteration in position of these vessels. Understanding vascular anatomy of neck is vital in precise interpretation of radiological images and neck surgeries.

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Anatomical Variations of the Common Carotid Artery Bifurcations in Relation to the Cervical Vertebrae in Ethiopia

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Is low carotid bifurcation determined by vertebral level always convenient for surgical approach?

Is low carotid bifurcation determined by vertebral level always convenient for surgical approach?

Morphometric Study and Branching Patterns of External Carotid Artery Using Computed Tomography Angiography Among the South Indian Population: A Retrospective Study

A cadaveric study on variation in branching pattern of common carotid artery

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