Anatomical Characterization of the Adventitious Roots of Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) Mini-cuttings

Abstract

Leaves of mate is one of the main non-timber forest products marketed in South America, which makes establishment of new plantations of great interest. However, vegetative propagation of mate plantlets presents difficulties, which may be associated with the complexity of adventitious root formation. The aims of this study were to anatomically characterize the adventitious roots of mate-clone mini-cuttings and investigate the relationship of phenols and starch with adventitious rooting competence in mini-cuttings treated or not with indole-butyric acid (IBA). The mini-cuttings of four clones were collected at 0, 30, and 60 days of cultivation, fixed in a solution containing 1% glutaraldehyde and 4% formaldehyde, pre-infiltrated and infiltrated in (2-hydroxyethyl) methacrylate, and sectioned in a microtome. Ferric chloride and toluidine blue were used to detect phenolic compounds and lugol to identify starch. Adventitious roots formed in minicuttings treated with IBA presented disorganized xylem and phloem and poles irregularly but exhibited sclerenchyma vessel elements and tracheid cells indicating functionality. Differences in the rhizogenic ability of mate clones mini-cuttings were not due to the presence of anatomical barriers or the accumulation of phenolic compounds but be associated with the presence and distribution of starch grains in vegetative propagules.

Qualidade de mudas de espinafre da Amazônia (Alternanthera sessilis L.) propagadas por estacas

“…Alguns estudos com a utilização estacas de pequenas dimensões e com presença de gemas já foram realizados em espécies de importância comercial, como a oliveira (Olea europaea L.) (FRÖLECH et al, 2020), erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil) (PIMENTEL et al, 2020), o pessegueiro (Prunus persica L.) (FISS et al, 2017); a batatadoce (Ipomoea batatas L.) (NASSER et al, 2020), assim como também, plantas alimentícias não-convencionais como o fisalis (Physalis peruviana L.) (OLIVEIRA et al, 2020), e ora-pro-nobis (TOFANELLI; MOGOR, 2021), entre outras espécies que tiveram resultados promissores com esse tipo de método de propagação vegetativa.…”

Produtividade de minicepas e enraizamento de miniestacas de sapucaia (Lecythis lanceolata)

“…Foram realizadas duas coletas de miniestacas nas plantas matrizes após a poda apical, com intervalo de 43 dias entre as coletas. Em cada coleta, foi avaliada a porcentagem de sobrevivência das minicepas e o número de miniestacas produzidas por minicepa, conforme estabelecido por Pimentel et al (2019).…”