Anatomical characteristics for identification and quality indices of four promising commercial bamboo species in Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The anatomical characteristics in the culms of the four promising Indonesian bamboo species, including Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris, and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata, were investigated to produce an identification key and quality indices for further effective utilization. The crystalline properties of the bamboo culm were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa vulgaris var. striata showed vascular bundle type IV, while Dendrocalamus giganteus and Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris displayed vascular bundle type III. The vascular bundle density in the bamboo culms increased from the bottom to the top part and was higher in the outer part than in the inner part. The fiber portion and length in the outer part were higher than those in the inner part, opposite of those in the parenchyma portion. Dendrocalamus giganteus had the largest vessel and parenchyma diameter, while Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris had the smallest. Bambusa vulgaris var. vulgaris had the longest parenchyma, while Bambusa vulgaris var. striata and Dendrocalamus giganteus had the shortest. The outer part of the four bamboo culms showed higher relative crystallinity than the inner part. All anatomical parameters, except for crystallite width, showed a variation in the radial direction of the four bamboo culms but did not show a consistent tendency vertically. This study revealed that the anatomical properties were different between bamboo species and could be used for species identification and quality evaluation indices of the culms.

Fiber Quality of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) from Forest Area with Special Purpose (FASP) Pondok Buluh, Simalungun, North Sumatera

“…A study on the dimensions of bamboo Betung fibers was also carried out by [7] with a fiber length of 2996 µm, the fiber diameter of 23.3 µm, lumen diameter of 6,1 µm, and fiber wall thickness of 8.6 µm. Another study was also conducted by [14] with a fiber length of 2355.65 µm. Thus the difference in the place of growth influences the dimensions of the fiber.…”

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Flattened Bamboo Boards from Ater (Gigantochloa atter) and Betung (Dendrocalamus asper) Bamboos

“…The study by Marsoem et al (2015) reported that the length of the internodes at the bottom ranged from 26.5-30.0 cm for 40 months and the longest internode ranging from 57.0-59.7 cm, with the wall thickness ranging from 12.8-17.1 mm. The wall thickness of betung bamboo (5 years old) at the top, middle, and bottom was 11.2 mm, 21.1 mm, and 27.4 mm, respectively (Maulana et al 2022). Meanwhile, Widjaja et al (2020) reported that the internode length of betung bamboo ranged from 40-50 cm with a wall thickness of up to 15 mm.…”

The status of bamboo research and development for sustainable use in Indonesia: A systematic literature review

“…The research that has been carried out on bamboo anatomy is related to the identification and characteristics of commercial bamboo [12], the finding of new types of bamboo in the lesser Sunda Islands [13], and the identification of types using an online expert system [14]. At the same time, the ecological aspect is research related to soil factors and bamboo populations [15].…”