Anatomical and histological structure of the tongue and histochemical characteristics of the lingual salivary glands in the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar, Gray 1830)

Abstract

1. The aim of the study was to examine the morphology of the tongue and the histochemical features of the lingual salivary glands in this species. 2. The tongue was elongated, terminating in a rather sharp, dagger-like apex. On the surface of the tongue and situated between the body and root of the tongue, two rows of conical papillae, the sharp apices of which pointed towards the posterior part of the tongue, were observed. The keratinised epithelium lining the dorsal surface lacked typical gustatory papillae. However, it was observed that taste buds were present in the epithelium of the lingual body and root. The tongue was supported by a structure composed of hyaline cartilage, the paraglossum, which extended from the lingual root to the apex. Simple branched tubular glands, which were encapsulated by connective tissue, were embedded within the submucosa in the body (anterior salivary glands) and root (posterior salivary glands) of the tongue. It was observed that the secretion of the lingual glands contained neutral mucins, proteoglycans containing carboxylic acid, weak and strong sulphated groups, N-acetylated sialomucins, but lacked glycogen. 3. It was demonstrated that, the general morphological features, papillary distribution of the tongue and the histological structure of the mucosa epithelium and the supportive elements displayed similarity to those of other domestic avian species. It was also determined that, in view of the particular feeding types, in the partridge, the presence of the papillary crest was not correlated with diet.

Tongue and lingual salivary glands of the canary: scanning electron microscopy and histochemical study

“…The canary tongue has thicker epithelium on the dorsal surface compared with the ventral surface, and this gradually decreases in thickness towards radix, and these findings are similar to those reported in the literature [18,19,24,26,29]. Since the epithelial keratinization of the canary tongue is limited, it may suggest that food stays limited period on dorsal surface of the tongue is limited.…”

“…In other words, the morphology of the tongue reflects the functional and characteristic adaptations [18,26]. In comparison with morphological studies, there are limited number of histochemical studies in which the features of lingual salivary glands have been examined [1,3,5,7,19,45]. However, studies performed on canaries (Serinus canaria forma domestica) generally focus on the physiology of the nervous system [2,22,28,37,42].…”

<b>Ultrastructural aspects of the tongue in Magellanic Penguins <i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i> (Forster, 1781)

“…The avian tongues exhibit adaptations specific for the collection, manipulation and swallowing of foods (ERDOĞAN;IWASAKI, 2014;STURKIE, 2000). The diversity of feeding adaptations among birds is reflected in the form and function of their feeding apparatus, and morphological adaptations of avian tongues are also closely associated with discrete eating habits and lifestyle in different environments (EMURA et al, 2008a and b;NICKEL et al, 1977;PARCHAMI et al, 2010a and b).…”

“…It is divided into apex, body and root (CAMPBELL;LACK, 1985;EMURA et al, 2008a;2009a and b;ERDOĞAN;IWASAKI, 2014;GUIMARÃES et al, 2009;KOENING;LIEBIG, 2001;MCLELLAND, 1990;VOLLMERHAUS;SINOWATZ, 1992).…”

Anatomy of the hyoid skeleton of the rock dove (Patagioenas livia)

“…gave full description of the hyoid skeleton of the common moorhen. Erdogan et al (2012) discussed anatomical and histological structure of the tongue in the Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). Igwebuike and Eze (2010) described the anatomy of the oropharynx and tongue of the African pied crow in relation to feeding adaptations.…”