Anatomic variations in glenohumeral joint: an interpopulation study

Abstract

BackgroundThis study focused on the unique aspect of investigating shoulder morphometric differences between 2 distinct populations.MethodsWe used 90 computed tomography images of cadaveric shoulders for this study; 45 scans belonged to the South African (SA) cohort (49.74 ± 15.4 years) and the rest were Swiss (CH; 53.8 ± 21 years). The articulating surfaces of the glenohumeral joint were extracted, and their morphometric features, such as head circular diameter, glenoid and humeral head radius of curvature, head height, and humeral height, were measured.ResultsThe mean interpopulation difference in the circular diameter of the humerus was 2.0 mm (P = .017) and 1.86 mm (P > .05) in the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions, respectively. The difference in the radius of curvature between the populations was 1.17 mm (P = .037). The SA shoulders were found to be longer than the CH shoulders by 8.4 mm (P > .05). There was no significant difference in the glenoid radius of curvature. The SA shoulders had higher glenohumeral mismatch (P = .005) and lower conformity index (P = .001) in comparison to the CH shoulders.ConclusionThis study presents anatomic differences between African and European glenohumeral articulating surfaces. The results suggest that the glenohumeral geometry is both gender and population specific, and future joint replacements may be designed to address these differences.

Sex-related differences in stemless total shoulder arthroplasty

“…Male patients have significantly larger humeral heads than female patients. 10 The cross-sectional area of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis is all significantly greater in men. 1 Volumetric measurements of the deltoid muscle are also significantly higher in men.…”

“… 19 With respect to bone morphology, the radius of curvature of the glenoid and humeral head is also significantly larger in men. 10 These anatomical differences may affect implant sizing, as well as ease of surgical exposure. In addition, when utilizing stemless implants, the quality of proximal humeral bone may be important as it is required for implant fixation until bone on-growth or in-growth occurs.…”

Quantitative fit analysis of acromion fracture plating systems using three-dimensional reconstructed scapula fractures – A multi-observer study

“…Our dataset included local patients and was male dominant. Observations from previous scapula morphometric studies suggest that gender differences are more prominent for bone size than interpopulation differences [23][24][25][26]. The reader should keep these factors in mind while inferring the results.…”

Recent advances on the estimation of the thermal reaction norm for sex ratios

“…The uncertainty is a measure of the quality of the data logger temperature recordings, considering the accuracy, the resolution, and the sampling rate. Data logger uncertainty is then defined by the 95% confidence interval of the average temperature during a specific time, recorded during set sampling period by a data logger with known accuracy and resolution (Girondot et al, 2018a). The uncertainty of the mean temperature recorded every hour for 10 days is much lower than the accuracy and resolution of the logger.…”

“…The uncertainty of the mean temperature recorded every hour for 10 days is much lower than the accuracy and resolution of the logger. For example, using typical field conditions, an iButton DS1921G-F5# with accuracy = 1 • C and resolution = 0.5 • C has an uncertainty value of 0.15 • C (Girondot et al, 2018a). Overall, while the amplitude of temperatures during incubation should be minimized as much as possible, the uncertainty of the average temperature is a less important issue.…”