Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography

Akın, Kayıhan; Kösehan, Dilek; Topcu, Adem; Köktener, Aslı

doi:10.1007/s00256-010-1022-1

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The direction, calcification, and termination of the XP and the developmental variations in the XP were evaluated. Ventral deviation occurred more frequently in previous studies (21). In our study, ventral deviation was observed in 135 cases, and no deviation was observed in 115 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Evaluation of postnatal development and variations of sternum using multi-detector computed tomography

Bayaroğulları¹,

Yengil²,

Davran³

et al. 2013

Diagn Interv Radiol

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the postnatal development and the maturation of the sternum and sternal variations using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Additionally, we aimed to examine the roles of gender and age in sternal development. MATERIALS AND METHODSTwo hundred and fifty patients who underwent thorax MDCT examinations were evaluated for sternal development and variations. Coronal curved planar reconstruction and maximum intensity projection images were used to better assess the ossification centers in the manubrium and the body of the sternum. Multiplanar images were used to accurately measure the thickness and the sagittal dimension of the manubrium, the sagittal dimension of the body, and the total sagittal dimension of the sternum in the sagittal plane. RESULTSNo significant differences in the manubrium measurements were observed between the genders. The thickness and sagittal dimension of the manubrium, sagittal dimension of the body, and total sagittal dimension of the sternum in the sagittal plane were significantly different between the age groups. We evaluated the ossification centers; shape and developmental variations in the manubrium and body; direction, calcification, and termination of the xiphoid process; developmental variations in the xiphoid process; and manubriosternal and sternoxiphoidal fusion. Significant variations were observed from person to person. CONCLUSIONThe anatomy and the developmental properties of the sternum should be well understood in cases of potential chest and sternum injuries and in several surgical procedures. Therefore, knowledge of the development and the maturation of the sternum, and sternal variations and anomalies is important. We suggest that the postnatal development and the morphogenesis of the sternum can be adequately assessed using MDCT.T he sternum is a flat bone that extends vertically through the middle of the anterior thoracic cage. The sternum consists of the following three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process (XP) (1, 2). The sternum develops over a long period of time, which begins during the prenatal period and continues through the third and fourth decades of the postnatal period (3-6). Ossification centers in the manubrium and the body form on cartilage plates that are located on both sides of the middle line during the prenatal period. The ossification centers in the manubrium generally merge before birth. Two or more ossification centers that develop on each segment of the mesosternum (body) are referred to as sternebrae, which are located on cartilage plates on both sides of the middle line. From 6-12 years of age, the ossification centers usually merge completely into a single ossification center. The calcification and the fusion of the sternebrae are usually complete by 25 years of age (6-8). Postnatal development, maturation, and ossification center development of the sternum differ significantly from person to person.Several radiographic studies in the literature have evaluated sternal deve...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Evaluation of postnatal development and variations of sternum using multi-detector computed tomography

Bayaroğulları¹,

Yengil²,

Davran³

et al. 2013

Diagn Interv Radiol

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“…Babinski et al [5] reported a higher prevalence of 16.6%. Akin et al [10] Determined that xiphoidal foramen was present in 216 patients (43.2%); 171 patients (34.2%) had only one foramen; 31 patients (6.2%) had two, seven patients (1.4%) had three, and seven patients (1.4%) had four or more xiphoidal foramina. Prevalence of sternal foramen features an important correlation with the sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiologists and pathologists should be aware of the existences of these anatomical variations of the sternum as well as be familiar with their imaging features, in order to avoid diagnosis uncertainties [8,21]. [10] studied interindividual variations of the xiphoid process in a wide adult group using 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). They found that the mean length and the thickness of xiphoid process had been 50 mm and 7.3 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sternal variations and anomalies represent congenital anatomic defects, occurring as a result of an impaired and incomplete ossification center fusion [6,7]. The frequencies of Sternal variations in living subjects have been described based on their radiograph, helical CT or MRI appearances [8][9][10]. Sexual dimorphism of the sternum was first described by Wenzel [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

2018

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Background: Sternum is one of the skeleton parts which have frequently congenital anomalies and variations are commonly used by researchers in determining sex. We evaluated the morphological characteristics and sex-related changes of the sternum in adult individuals using multidetector CT in our study. 162.21±6.17, respectively. We found that Hyrtl's law and Sternal index did not provide adequate accuracy for sex determination in our patients. It has been detected that the length of the Manubrium alone is not helpful for individual samples. Total length of the sternum was found to be more reliable than the length of the Manubrium and the length of corpus Sterni.We determined Sternal cleft and Sternal foramen as 0.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions:We suggest that the Morphometric standards cannot be universally applied and can demonstrate individual differences. The standard rules must be implemented for every population.

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“…Previous reports on the postnatal development of the human sternum were not thoroughly analyzed with histological methods but rather with radiographic methods. Much previous literature reports that human xiphoid process has a high degree of individual variation [19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiphoid Process-Derived Chondrocytes: A Novel Cell Source for Elastic Cartilage Regeneration

Nam

Cho

et al. 2014

Stem Cells Translational Medicine

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Reconstruction of elastic cartilage requires a source of chondrocytes that display a reliable differentiation tendency. Predetermined tissue progenitor cells are ideal candidates for meeting this need; however, it is difficult to obtain donor elastic cartilage tissue because most elastic cartilage serves important functions or forms external structures, making these tissues indispensable. We found vestigial cartilage tissue in xiphoid processes and characterized it as hyaline cartilage in the proximal region and elastic cartilage in the distal region. Xiphoid process-derived chondrocytes (XCs) showed superb in vitro expansion ability based on colony-forming unit fibroblast assays, cell yield, and cumulative cell growth. On induction of differentiation into mesenchymal lineages, XCs showed a strong tendency toward chondrogenic differentiation. An examination of the tissue-specific regeneration capacity of XCs in a subcutaneous-transplantation model and autologous chondrocyte implantation model confirmed reliable regeneration of elastic cartilage regardless of the implantation environment. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that xiphoid process cartilage, the only elastic cartilage tissue source that can be obtained without destroying external shape or function, is a source of elastic chondrocytes that show superb in vitro expansion and reliable differentiation capacity. These findings indicate that XCs could be a valuable cell source for reconstruction of elastic cartilage. STEM CELLS

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Anatomic evaluation of the xiphoid process with 64-row multidetector computed tomography

Abstract: Significant interindividual variations were detected in the xiphoid process. Excellent anatomic evaluation capacity of MDCT facilitates the detection of variations of the xiphoid process as well as the whole ribcage.

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of postnatal development and variations of sternum using multi-detector computed tomography

Evaluation of postnatal development and variations of sternum using multi-detector computed tomography

Evaluation of the morphological characteristic and sex differences of sternum by multi-detector computed tomography

Xiphoid Process-Derived Chondrocytes: A Novel Cell Source for Elastic Cartilage Regeneration

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