Anatomic Dissection and Classic Three-dimensional Documentation: A Unit of Education for Neurosurgical Anatomy Revisited

Shimizu, Satoru; Tanaka, Ryusui; Rhoton, Albert L.; Fukushima, Yutaka; Osawa, Shigeyuki; Kawashima, Masatou; Oka, Hiroyuki; Fujii, Kiyotaka

doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000210247.37628.43

Cited by 70 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Each stage of the dissections was recorded by 3D photography, as reported in a prior paper from this laboratory. 63 We did not find a significant difference in the cortical connection areas of the SLF and AF between the right and left sides. Thus, we focused on the termination and originating areas on the cortex and the trajectory of each segment of the SLF and AF instead of on lateralization.…”

Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

Self Cite

120

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T he contemporary dual stream language model is analogous to the visual system, which is composed of ventral "what" and dorsal "where" streams. 11,31The ventral language stream is involved in semantic (meaning of word) processing of speech, and the dorsal stream controls phonological (word production) processing of speech. 11,59 The arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF) are involved in the dorsal language stream, while the middle longitudinal (MLF), inferior longitudinal (ILF), inferior frontooccipital (IFOF), and uncinate fasciculi (UF) are associated with the ventral language stream (see Fig. 3C). 15,18,31,59 This study examined the components of the dorsal language stream (SLF and AF) using postmortem fiber dissection and DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) techniques (Figs. 1-3). These anatomical findings were compared with data from clinical-radiological analysis and intraoperative stimulation of white matter (Table 1).The frontoparietal network, called the SLF, was verified and delineated as the dorsal SLF I, the middle SLF II, obJective The aim of this study was to examine the arcuate (AF) and superior longitudinal fasciculi (SLF), which together form the dorsal language stream, using fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques in the human brain. methods Twenty-five formalin-fixed brains (50 hemispheres) and 3 adult cadaveric heads, prepared according to the Klingler method, were examined by the fiber dissection technique. The authors' findings were supported with MR tractography provided by the Human Connectome Project, WU-Minn Consortium. The frequencies of gyral distributions were calculated in segments of the AF and SLF in the cadaveric specimens. results The AF has ventral and dorsal segments, and the SLF has 3 segments: SLF I (dorsal pathway), II (middle pathway), and III (ventral pathway). The AF ventral segment connects the middle (88%; all percentages represent the area of the named structure that is connected to the tract) and posterior (100%) parts of the superior temporal gyri and the middle part (92%) of the middle temporal gyrus to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis, 40% in pars triangularis) and the ventral premotor cortex (84%) by passing deep to the lower part of the supramarginal gyrus (100%). The AF dorsal segment connects the posterior part of the middle (100%) and inferior temporal gyri (76%) to the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus (96% in pars opercularis), ventral premotor cortex (72%), and posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus (56%) by passing deep to the lower part of the angular gyrus (100%). coNclusioNs This study depicts the distinct subdivision of the AF and SLF, based on cadaveric fiber dissection and diffusion imaging techniques, to clarify the complicated language processing pathways.

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Section: Methodscontrasting

confidence: 58%

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Yağmurlu¹,

Middlebrooks

Tanrıöver

et al. 2016

JNS

Self Cite

120

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“…In an experiment, colored silicone was introduced into the vessels of the brain. After skilled dissection brain specimens were prepared and 3-D stereoscopic pictures were taken and viewed using a 3-D viewer [17].…”

Section: Computerized Section With Multiple Access Points With Internetmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Prototype of Digitalized Anatomy Museum with a Scientific Design

Kamath¹

2016

MOJAP

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In this article only specific observations are discussed, with an objective of creating a sophisticated museum that can educate both medical students and public. AbstractAnatomy museums display the intricacy of human anatomy to medical students and public. This study aims to create a prototype of a digitalized twenty first century museum. The prototype was conceived after a study on sixteen renowned anatomy museums in India. The museums have evolved over the centuries from an institute housing a collection of models, to one with formalin preserved specimens and plastinates. The modern anatomy museums are digitalized and use audiovisual aids and electronic screens to express anatomy. The advances in science must be utilized in medical education. The future generations live in world that is completely digitalized. Hence, modern innovations such as computer, internet, Wi-Fi, electronic screens, projectors, 3-D viewing capabilities, 3-D holograms and anatomical mannequins, must be used to teach anatomy in anatomy museums. It is also essential to incorporate museum visit, as a part of regular curriculum, in schools and in undergraduate medical education. An anatomy museum is not meant only for display of specimens. It has to be designed, to function as an institute where active learning can take place, thus including the museum in the mainstream of medical education. The future of anatomy will certainly be more digitalized. However, the traditional techniques of model making, dissection and plastination will always have a special place in all the anatomy museums for time immemorial.

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“…Staining vascular structures consists of a series of phases, each one of which shall be individually addressed below and should be taken into account. Although plenty of anatomical dissection studies are available in the literature, studies that present detailed technical information, particularly regarding the staining procedure and the earlier preparation process, are rather few in number (2,4).…”

Section: Staining Vascular Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preparation of head cadavers for anatomical dissection is time-consuming, troublesome and sometimes annoying. However, it is an exciting opportunity for educational purposes for both junior and senior neurosurgeons (2)(3)(4). Anatomical specimens such as head cadavers may not be difficult to obtain, but a satisfactory vascular staining is not easy during initial attempts of the preparing and injecting process.…”

Section: Sample Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

A novel, quick-prepared, colored silicone mixture for injecting into cerebral vasculature for neuroanatomical dissections: an anatomical technical note

Urgun¹,

Toktaş²,

Akakın³

et al. 2014

Turkish Neurosurgery

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a) Embalming and decapitation, b) Exposing, cannulization and irrigation of the main vascular structures, c) Preparing colored silicone, d) Injection of colored silicone and staining the vascular tree, and finally e) Sample maintenance. Each of these steps is closely related to one another and must be executed in a stepwise fashion in order to have a satisfactory result. There are several studies, which describe these steps, in more or less the same way (1-4). █ INTRODUCTIONThere is no doubt that extensive knowledge of neuroanatomy plays a vital role in neurosurgery practice. Cadaveric studies have a great impact on neuroanatomy learning. Cadaver preparation may take a lot of effort, especially at the phase of intravascular color filling. Preparation for cadaveric dissection of the brain requires some fundamental steps that can be summarized into:AIM: Cadaveric studies have a great impact on neuroanatomy learning. Cadaver preparation may take a lot of effort, especially at the phase of intravascular color filling. The authors describe their silicone dye technique and a novel mixture which is self-curing, quick to prepare and easy to inject. MATERIAL and METHODS:The first one of these processes is undoubtedly embalming and decapitation of the cadaver. If possible, the most appropriate time that should be preferred is immediately after the donor's death. Preparation for cadaveric dissection of the brain requires some fundamental steps that can be summarized into: a) Embalming and decapitation, b) Exposing, cannulization and irrigation of main vascular structures, c) Preparing colored silicone, d) Injection of colored silicone and staining the vascular tree, e) Sample maintenance RESULTS: Our method of preparation of silicone dye and injection enables neurosurgeons and anatomists to fill cerebral and dural vascular structures, and even diploic veins nicely in both fresh and aged cadaveric heads. Moreover, the main vascular structures and their branches in the lateral and third ventricles are painted remarkably beautifully. CONCLUSION:We tried to provide our experience about the preparation of head cadavers for anatomical dissection using a novel mixture of colored silicone that is very easy to prepare and inject with very satisfactory results.

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Anatomic Dissection and Classic Three-dimensional Documentation: A Unit of Education for Neurosurgical Anatomy Revisited

Abstract: The presented method of dissection and obtaining 3-D images is beneficial for accomplishing studies of anatomy and for providing teaching method.

Cited by 70 publications

References 3 publications

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

Fiber tracts of the dorsal language stream in the human brain

A Prototype of Digitalized Anatomy Museum with a Scientific Design

A novel, quick-prepared, colored silicone mixture for injecting into cerebral vasculature for neuroanatomical dissections: an anatomical technical note

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