Anastomosis in the Coronary Circulation

Laurie, W.; Woods, J.D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(58)90374-x

Cited by 68 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A distinct and continuous internal elastic membrane in the main coronary arteries is evident at 5 months (Moon, ). Laurie and Woods () noted coronary anastomoses in the hearts of neonates. Four decades later, Cortis and Serrato () utilized barium sulfate angiograms to document coronary collateral vessels (ranging 3–50 μm in diameter) in 19–32 week fetuses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses

Tomanek

2015

The Anatomical Record

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Although considerable advances in our understanding of mammalian and avian embryonic coronary development have occurred during the last decade, our current knowledge of this topic in humans is limited. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine if the development of the human coronary vasculature in humans is like that of other mammals and avians. The data document a progression of events involving mesenchymal cell-containing villi from the proepicardium, establishment of blood islands and a capillary network. The major finding of the study is direct evidence that the capillary plexus associated with spindle cells and erythroblasts invades the base of the aorta to form coronary ostia. A role for the dorsal mesocardium is also indicated by the finding that cells from this region are continuous with the aorta and pulmonary artery. The development of the tunica media of the coronary arteries follows the same base-apex progression as in other species, with the development of branches occurring late in the embryonic period. The fetal period is characterized by 1) growth and a numerical increase in the smallest arterial branches, veins and venules, 2) innervation of arteries, 3) inclusion of elastic fibers in the tunica media of the coronary arteries and development of the tunica adventitia. In conclusion, the data demonstrate that the development of the coronary system in humans is similar to that of other mammalian and avian species, and for the first time documents that the formation of the ostia and coronary stems in humans occurs by ingrowth of a vascular plexus and associated cells from the epicardium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses

Tomanek

2015

The Anatomical Record

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“…The distribution of disorders of lipid metabolism within families follows a pattern that would be inexplicable in terms of environmental factors alone. . There may be individual, genetically determined differences in coronary anatomy (8). In man, three patterns of major branching of the coronary arteries have been identified (9): a ) left artery preponderance, b ) right artery preponderance, and c) a balanced artery pattern.…”

Section: Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. There may be individual, genetically determined differences in coronary anatomy (8). In man, three patterns of major branching of the coronary arteries have been identified (9): a ) left artery preponderance, b ) right artery preponderance, and c) a balanced artery pattern.…”

Section: Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Factors in Cardiovascular Diseases*

McKusick

1961

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Early semi‐quantitative studies (Baroldi et al . ; Laurie & Woods, ; Pitt, ) suggest that the present finding of ubiquitous distribution of native collateral connections may be extrapolated to the human heart. The dynamic nature of collateral development underlies therapeutic approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Innate collateral segments are predominantly present in the subendocardium without preferential connectivity within the left ventricular wall

Horssen

Siebes

Spaan

et al. 2014

The Journal of Physiology

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Key pointsr Innate collateral arteries provide the biophysical substrate for arteriogenesis. Their distribution and morphology predestine tissue areas salvageable by collateral flow.r Fluorescent episcopic cryomicrotome imaging resulted in a three-dimensional representation of the coronary network, in which collateral segments were automatically identified.r Innate collateral segments are predominantly present in the subendocardium without preferential connectivity within the left ventricular wall of the dog heart and are preferentially oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the heart in the outer layers and parallel to this axis at the subendocardium.r These results suggest that collateral segments are maintained without local hypoxia but because of heterogeneity in pressure gradients in the arterial tree.r The high density and long-axis orientation of collateral arteries in the subendocardial region provide the substrate for arterial plexus formation and indicate the need for three-dimensional perfusion assessment in clinical perfusion imaging.Abstract Functional collateral vessels often stem from outward remodelling of pre-existing connections between perfusion territories. Knowledge of the distribution and morphology of innate collateral connections may help in identifying myocardial areas with protection against risk for ischaemia. The coronary network of six healthy canine hearts was investigated with an imaging cryomicrotome. Innate collateral connections ranged from 286 to 1015 μm in diameter. Left ventricular collateral density (number per gram of tissue) was about five in the subendocardium vs. 2.5 in the mid-myocardium (P < 0.01) and 1.3 in the epicardium (P < 0.01). Subendocardial collateral connections were oriented parallel to the long axis of the heart. For the major coronary arteries, five times more intracoronary than intercoronary connections were found, while their median diameter and interquartile range were not significantly different, at 96.1 (16.9) vs. 94.7 (18.9) μm. Collateral vessels connecting crowns from sister branches from a stem are denoted intercrown connections and those within crowns intracrown connections. The number of intercrown connections was related to the mean tissue weight of the crowns (y = 0.73x − 0.33, r 2 = 0.85, P < 0.0001). This relation was likewise found to describe intercoronary connections. The median collateral diameter and length were independent of the tissue volumes bridged. We conclude that connectivity and morphology of the innate collateral network are distributed with no preference for intra-or intercrown connections, independent of stem diameter, including epicardial arteries. This renders all sites of the myocardium equally protected in case of coronary artery disease. The orientation of subendocardial collateral vessels indicates the longitudinal direction of subendocardial collateral flow.

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Anastomosis in the Coronary Circulation

Cited by 68 publications

References 7 publications

Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses

Developmental Progression of the Coronary Vasculature in Human Embryos and Fetuses

Genetic Factors in Cardiovascular Diseases*

Innate collateral segments are predominantly present in the subendocardium without preferential connectivity within the left ventricular wall

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