Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Accompanied by Uncontrollable Eosinophilia

Abstract

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare disease, and cases associated with eosinophilia are even rarer. We herein report a case of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma accompanied by remarkable and uncontrollable eosinophilia. A 71-year-old man was diagnosed with end-stage anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Throughout the aggressive clinical course of the cancer, eosinophilia dramatically progressed and became extremely refractory to steroid treatment. We measured the serum levels of hematopoietic cytokines potentially involved in eosinophilia, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-3 and IL-5. Although the GM-CSF level was moderately elevated, both the IL-3 and IL-5 levels were within the normal ranges. In this case, the patient's eosinophilia may have been related to his severe dyspnea and was likely responsible for the allergic reaction to the anticancer drug. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the etiology of eosinophilia in patients with thyroid cancer in order to improve the treatment for patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

The Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancer in the Context of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

“…Tumor-associated DCs release VEGF-A, CXCL8, and osteopontin [100]. Human eosinophils promote angiogenesis [101,102], and eosinophilia can be observed in ATC patients [103]. Tregs play a role in maintaining tolerance in TC and drive tumor angiogenesis through the release of VEGF-A [104].…”

The immune network in thyroid cancer

“…56 Human eosinophils promote angiogenesis 57 and eosinophilia can be observed in ATC patients. 58 Tregs play a role in maintaining tolerance in TC and drive tumor angiogenesis through the release of VEGF-A. 59 MDSCs promote tumor angiogenesis through the release of VEGF-A and MMP-9.…”

Be(a)ware of Leukocytosis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer

“…yroid malignancies have also been associated with paraneoplastic leukocytosis. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma [7,8] and seventeen cases of anaplastic tumor have been reported [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Both cases of squamous cell carcinoma were related to marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia.…”