Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma: previous treatment as a possible cause in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

The authors have reviewed previously reported cases of secondary central nervous system malignancies focusing on age at ALL diagnosis, and they think that synergistic action of therapeutic modalities could have played a role in the oncogenetic process. Detailed systematic radiological follow-up should be done in these patients especially if a personal history of cranial irradiation is present.

World Health Organization Grade II Oligodendroglioma Occurring after Successful Treatment for Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

“…According to clinical studies on radiation-induced neoplasms, which is thought to be late-complications of ALL treatment, age of onset and the incidence of high-grade gliomas have an inverse relationship. That is, the younger a patient is at the onset of ALL, the higher the risk for developing high-grade glioma, especially in children under the age of six [32]. Children who have undergone prophylactic CNS radiotherapy are at higher risk of secondary neoplasms, thus clinicians should carefully observe them for a certain period of time after treatment [5].…”

Giant Cell Tumor of the Frontal Bone in an 18-Month-Old Girl: A Case Report

“…While some authors claim that GCTs are not radiosensitive and radiation may provoke sarcomatous transformation in the residual tumor tissue [5] , others recommend a routine single course of moderate dose super voltage radiation to achieve a high success rate and simultaneously decrease the likelihood of malignant transformation [1,18] . In children, however, the benefi ts and potential risks of radiotherapy [17] should be carefully considered. If the lesion is widely resected along its margins, close follow-up without adjuvant treatment can be suffi cient, as in the present case.…”

Secondary anaplastic oligodendroglioma after cranial irradiation: a case report

“…vascular occlusion, teleangiectatic dilation, stroke, a decrease in brain weight and size, and hormonal dysfunction after pituitary irradiation [13]. Secondary malignancies are critical post-irradiation complications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][13][14][15][16]. Although irradiation destroys cancer cells, it can induce mutations in surrounding normal cells.…”

“…The approximate cumulative risk for secondary brain tumors after cranial irradiation is 1 -3% [1][2][3][4]. Radiation-induced secondary oligodendroglial tumors are very rare; to our knowledge, only 7 cases have been reported to date [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. We encountered a patient who developed a secondary anaplastic oligodendroglial tumor after radiotherapy (RT), and discuss the development of secondary oligodendroglial tumors after cranial irradiation.…”