Anammox start-up strategies: the use of local mixed activated sludge seed versus Anammox seed

Abstract

The start-up period of Anammox systems is still a big challenge due to the unavailability of large volumes of slowly growing Anammox seed locally in most countries. This study aims to evaluate the effects of seeding strategy on the start-up and enrichment period of Anammox systems by monitoring both process performance and microbial population dynamics. Two different seeding strategies, the use of mixed activated sludge culture from a local STP and the use of enriched Anammox culture transported from abroad, were comparatively studied in SBR systems operated for 410 days. The enriched Anammox seed from abroad inhibited seriously during transportation. Anammox activity re-started after 195 days' recovery period. An active Anammox culture was successfully enriched within 95 days from a local activated sludge source without seeding any Anammox. The Anammox population reached levels of 1011 copies/ng at the end of 410 days' enrichment period. Based on FISH, Ca. Brocadia anammoxidans and Ca. Scalindua species were dominant in the enriched culture. The maximum TNRR was observed as 430 mg N/day. DGGE analyses revealed a drastic change in the microbial community (56%) with Anammox enrichment. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in phylotype Proteobacteria and increase in phylotypes Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria with enrichment.

Start-up Strategies for Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) in In-Situ Nitrogen Removal from Polluted Groundwater in Rare Earth Mining Areas

“…In P3, there was evidence of simultaneous NH 4 + -N and NO 2 − -N consumption with noticeable anammox activity in the later stage of the phase. The sudden onset of greater anammox activity was consistent with the results of previous studies in which anammox reactors were variously inoculated with anaerobic granular sludge [46], denitrification sludge [47], activated sludge [48], and their mixture [33,34]. We infer that this increased activity was due to quorum sensing by AnAOB, in which anammox activity occurs only when the cell density is higher than a threshold value (10 10 -10 11 /mL) [49].…”

“…In our previous, we found that AnAOB showed resistance to lanthanum (La)(III)-a major REE found in stream and groundwater nearby REE mining areas, which indicated that anammox may make difference in the in situ bioremediation [22]. However, anammox wastewater treatment reactors are usually started up by inoculating with enough anammox sludge, partial nitrification sludge, ordinary nitrification sludge or their mixture, which were harvested from some other stably operated reactor or plants [26,[32][33][34][35][36]. Thus, low-temperature preservation during long-distance is inevitable.…”

Мікробіологічна Та Вірусологічна Характеристика Морської Води Одеської Затоки Та Акваторії Острова Зміїний

“…Для виявлення анаммокс бактерій (анаеробне хемолітотрофне окиснення амонію) використовували мінеральне поживне середовище [112] наступного складу (г/л): (NH4)2SO4 -0,0514; NaNO2 -0,024; NaNO3 -0,010; KHCO3 -1,248; NaH2PO4 -0,05; CaCl2 -0,3; MgSO4 -0,2; FeSO4 -0,006; EDTA -0,006 [119]. Посіви інкубували 4 доби (на четверту добу кількість газу, що виділився, складала 70 мл).…”

Anammox Bacteria Determination in the Pharmaceutical Production Wastewater

“…Для визначення наявності АНАМОКС процесу в отриманій пробі використовували живильне мінеральне середовище, де концентрація солі амонію і нітриту була на рівні отриманих даних хімічного аналізу дослідної проби. Склад живильного середовища (г/л): (NH 4 )2SO 4 -0,0514; NaNO 2 -0,024; NaNO 3 -0,010; KHCO 3 -1,248; NaH 2 PO 4 -0,05; CaCl 2 -0,3; MgSO 4 -0,2; FeSO 4 -0,006; EDTA -0,006 [9]. Хімічну колбу 500 мл заповнювали 350 мл живильного мінерального середовища, і потім у неї завантажували 70 мл рідкого осаду мулу з проби та закривали пробкою з отвором для виведення газу.…”

“…Далі отриману суспензію продували протягом 20 хвилин газом Ar / CO 2 (95% / 4,5%) для видалення розчиненого кисню та отримання анаеробних умов. Колбу поміщали в термостат при температурі 32 °С до появи в ній бульбашок газу [9,1]. рН утримували на рівні 7,6, використовуючи 1M NaOH і 1% H 2 SO 4 з підтриманням та відновленням анаеробних умов.…”