Analyzing the Off-Grid Performance of the Hybrid Photovoltaic/Diesel Energy System for a Peripheral Village

Abstract

Grid extension from the distribution network is being used to meet the demand for rural electricity all over the world. Due to the extra cost of extending electric lines to rural villages, it is not feasible as the installing and commissioning costs are directly related to several constraints such as distance from the main grid, the land location, utilities to be used, and the size of the approximate load. Consequently, it becomes a challenge to apply technoeconomic strategies for rural electrification. Therefore, considering the above issues of rural electrification through grid power, the renewable energy system can be an attractive solution. This research analyzes different types of loads considering domestic, industrial, and agricultural requirements for a remote village in a developing country like Bangladesh. In this paper, four types of demand scenarios are developed considering the income level of inhabitants of the village. The investigation identifies the optimal scope for renewable energy-based electrification and provides a suitable technoeconomic analysis with the help of HOMER software. The obtained results show that a combined architecture containing solar panel, diesel generator, and battery power is a viable solution and economically beneficial. The optimal configuration suggested for the primary scenario consists of 25 kW diesel generators to fulfill the basic demand. The hybrid PV-diesel-battery system becomes the optimal solution while the demand restriction is removed for secondary, tertiary, and full-option scenarios. Commercial and productive loads are considered in the load profile for these three scenarios of supply. For the primary scenario of supply, the electricity cost remains high as $0.449/kWh. On the other hand, the lowest electricity cost ($0.30/kWh) is obtained for the secondary scenario. Although the suggested optimal PV-diesel-battery might not reduce the cost of electricity (COE) and NPC significantly, it is capable to reduce dependency on diesel utilization. Hence, the emission of carbon is reduced due to less utilization of diesel that helps to minimize the greenhouse effect on the environment.

Off grid PV/Diesel/Wind/Batteries energy system options for the electrification of isolated regions of Chad

“…[ 32 ], a hybrid renewable energy feasibility for the supply of a large resort center located in Malaysia was evaluated with HOMER. Some other works in which the HOMER software has been used are those of Yimen et al [ 33 ] where the PV/Biogas was considered, Iskanderani et al [ 34 ] where the PV/Diesel/Battery was considered, Aberilla et al [ 35 ] where the PV/Wind system was designed and Djiela et al where PV/Diesel/Battery system was proposed [ 23 ].…”

Sizing, economic, and reliability analysis of photovoltaics and energy storage for an off‐grid power system in Jordan

“…The optimisation is subject to several constraints. The first is the energy system power balance, shown in Equation (3).…”

“…In ref. [3], a PV and diesel generator system was studied for rural areas of Bangladesh. The study revealed that an optimal PV, diesel generator and battery system does not reduce overall energy cost.…”

Optimum Energy Flow Management of a Grid-Tied Photovoltaic-Wind-Battery System considering Cost, Reliability, and CO2 Emission

“…Different tariffs (ToU and developed step-rate tariffs) and FITs are applied to schedule the efficiency of the grid and the price of electricity. Besides, many researchers have implemented for optimization problems different software tools such as HOMER and TRYNS [22,23].…”